The Interaction of Supernova 2018evt with a Substantial Amount of Circumstellar Matter -- An SN1997cy-like Event
Yi Yang, Dietrich Baade, Peter Hoeflich, Lifan Wang, Aleksandar Cikota, Ting-Wan Chen, Jamison Burke, Daichi Hiramatsu, Craig Pellegrino, D. Andrew Howell, Curt… 展开作者
Yi Yang, Dietrich Baade, Peter Hoeflich, Lifan Wang, Aleksandar Cikota, Ting-Wan Chen, Jamison Burke, Daichi Hiramatsu, Craig Pellegrino, D. Andrew Howell, Curtis McCully, Stefano Valenti, Steve Schulze, Avishay Gal-Yam, Lingzhi Wang, Alexei V. Filippenko, Keiichi Maeda, Mattia Bulla, Yuhan Yao, Justyn R. Maund, Ferdinando Patat, Jason Spyromilio, J. Craig Wheeler, Arne Rau, Lei Hu, Wenxiong Li, Jennifer. E. Andrews, Lluis Galbany, David. J. Sand, Melissa Shahbandeh, Eric Y. Hsiao, Xiaofeng Wang
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29 pages, 20 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A rare class of supernovae (SNe) is characterized by strong interaction between the ejecta and several solar masses of circumstellar matter (CSM) as evidenced by strong Balmer-line emission. Within the first few weeks after the explosion, they may display spectral features similar to overluminous Type Ia SNe, while at later phase their observation properties exhibit remarkable similarities with some extreme case of Type IIn SNe that show strong Balmer lines years after the explosion. We present polarimetric observations of SN2018evt obtained by the ESO Very Large Telescope from 172 to 219 days after the estimated time of peak luminosity to study the geometry of the CSM. The nonzero continuum polarization decreases over time, suggesting that the mass loss of the progenitor star is aspherical. The prominent H$α$ emission can be decomposed into a broad, time-evolving component and an intermediate-width, static component. The former shows polarized signals, and it is likely to arise from a cold dense shell (CDS) within the region between the forward and reverse shocks. The latter is significantly unpolarized, and it is likely to arise from shocked, fragmented gas clouds in the H-rich CSM. We infer that SN2018evt exploded inside a massive and aspherical circumstellar cloud. The symmetry axes of the CSM and the SN appear to be similar. SN\,2018evt shows observational properties common to events that display strong interaction between the ejecta and CSM, implying that they share similar circumstellar configurations. Our preliminary estimate also suggests that the circumstellar environment of SN2018evt has been significantly enriched at a rate of $\sim0.1$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ over a period of $>100$ yr.
We report on the result of He abundance analysis of dense circumstellar clumps in the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. These clumps, which are called quasi-stationary flocculi (QSFs), are known from previous optical studies to be enriched in He along with N, but the degree of He overabundance relative to H has remained uncertain. For several QSFs with near-infrared spectroscopic data, we have analyzed their He I 1.083 $μ$m/Pa$γ$ ratios together with the ratios of [Fe II] lines by using the Raymond shock code. According to our analysis, He is overabundant relative to H by a factor of $\les…
In this note, we present a detailed self-similar solution to the interaction of a uniformly expanding gas and a stationary ambient medium, with an application to supernovae interacting with preexisting circumstellar media (Type IIn SNe). We implement the generalized solution into the Modular Open Source Fitter for Transients (MOSFiT), an open-source Python package for fitting extragalactic transient light curves.
Circumstellar interaction of supernova (SN) ejecta is an essential process in its evolution and observations of SNe have found the signature of circumstellar interaction both in the early and late evolutionary phase of SNe. In this Letter, we show that if the SN forward shock plunges into tenuous stellar wind from dense circumstellar medium (CSM) in the vicinity of the progenitor (i.e., confined CSM), the subsequent time evolutions of the SN-CSM interaction system deviates from the prediction of self-similar solution. In this case, after all of the confined CSM is swept up by the SN forward sh…
Observations of Type II supernovae imply that a large fraction of its progenitors experience enhanced mass loss years to decades before core collapse, creating a dense circumstellar medium (CSM). Assuming that the CSM is produced by a single mass eruption event, we analytically model the density profile of the resulting CSM. We find that a double power-law profile, where the inner (outer) power-law index has a characteristic value of -1.5 (-10 to -12), gives a good fit to the CSM profile obtained using radiation hydrodynamical simulations. With our profile the CSM is well described by just two…
Signatures of Circumstellar Interaction in the Type IIL Supernova ASASSN-15oz
富氢、核心坍缩的超新星通常分为四类：IIP、IIL、IIn和IIb。一般来说，与星周物质的相互作用只被认为是IIn型超新星。然而，最近对IIP和IIL超新星的流体动力学建模需要星周物质来重现它们早期的光变曲线。在这种情况下，IIL超新星在爆炸前经历了大量的质量损失。我们在ASASSN-15 oz上测试了这一假设，这是一颗IIL型超新星。随着X射线、紫外线、光学、红外线和无线电的广泛跟踪，我们提出了我们对相互作用迹象的搜索，以及由它们的检测所指示的质量损失历史。我们发现的证据表明，短暂的激烈的质量损失之前，爆炸的光变曲线建模，相当于在1.5 M $_{\odot}$的材料在1800 R $_{\odot}$的祖先。我们还检测到超新星的无线电，表明质量损失率$10^{-6}-10^{-7}$ M $_{\odot}$年$^{-1}$之前的极端质量损失期。我们未能在X射线中探测到这颗超新星，在紫外线、可见光和近红外线中也没有窄的发射谱线，这些都与这幅图并不矛盾，并在$<10^{-4}$ M $_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$的极端周期之外设定了质量损失率的上限。本文强调了收集更多II型超新星的全面数据的重要性，以便详细建模的祖星和超新星，可以阐明他们的质量损失历史和包络结构，从而告知恒星演化模型。
Supernovae interacting with Si and S-rich circumstellar matter from double white dwarf mergers
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences（日本国立天文台，日本国立科学研究所）；Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI（综合研究大学院大学）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University（蒙纳士大学物理与天文学学院）；International Center of Supernovae (ICESUN), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Supernova Research, Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院云南天文台超新星国际研究中心（ICESUN），云南省超新星研究重点实验室）
In supernovae (SNe), where the light curves show evidence of strong and early interaction between the ejecta and the circumstellar matter (CSM), the formation of new dust is estimated to take place in a dense shell of gas between the forward (FS) and the reverse shock (RS). For the first time, in this study, the mechanism of dust formation in this dense shell is modeled. A set of 9 cases, considering variations of the ejecta mass, and the pre-explosion mass-loss rates is considered, accounting for the diverse nature of interactions reported in such SNe. For a single main sequence mass, the var…
Observational signatures of the circumstellar material (CSM) around Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) provide a unique perspective on their progenitor systems. The pre-supernova evolution of the SN progenitors may naturally eject CSM in most of the popular scenarios of SN Ia explosions. In this study, we investigate the influence of dust scattering on the light curves and polarizations of SNe Ia. A Monte Carlo method is constructed to numerically solve the process of radiative transfer through the CSM. Three types of geometric distributions of the CSM are considered: spherical shell, axisymmetric di…
We present photometric and spectroscopic data of SN 2018lab, a low luminosity type IIP supernova (LLSN) with a V-band peak luminosity of $-15.1\pm0.1$ mag. SN 2018lab was discovered by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc (DLT40) SNe survey only 0.73 days post-explosion, as determined by observations from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TESS observations of SN 2018lab yield a densely sampled, fast-rising, early time light curve likely powered by circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction. The blue-shifted, broadened flash feature in the earliest spectra ($<$2 days) of SN 2018lab provide…
The interaction of a SN ejecta with a pre-existing circumstellar material (CSM) is one of the most promising energy sources for a variety of optical transients. Recently, a semi-analytic method developed by Chatzopoulos et al. (2012, hereafter CWV12) has been commonly used to describe the optical light curve behaviors under such a scenario. We find that the expressions for many key results in CWV12 are too complicated for readers to make order of magnitude estimation or parameter dependency judgement. Based on the same physical picture, here we independently re-derive all the formulae and re-e…
Some supernova (SN) explosions show evidence for interaction with pre-existing non-spherically symmetric circumstellar medium (CSM) in their light curves, spectral line profiles, and polarization signatures. To better understand the connection with binary stars and to aid in the interpretation of observations, we perform two-dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations where an expanding spherical SN ejecta initialized with realistic density and velocity profiles collide with various aspherical CSM distributions. We consider CSM in the form of a circumstellar disk, colliding wind shells i…
Using ultraviolet (UV) light curves we constrain the circumstellar environments of 1080 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) within $z<0.5$ from archival Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) observations. All SNe Ia are required to have pre- and post-explosion GALEX observations to ensure adequate subtraction of the host-galaxy flux. Using the late-time GALEX observations we look for the UV excess expected from any interaction between the SN ejecta and circumstellar material (CSM). Four SNe Ia are detected near maximum light and we compare the GALEX photometry to archival data, but we find none of our tar…
Circumstellar Medium of Supernovae as New Probes for Feebly Interacting Particles
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）；Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院）；Academia Sinica（中央研究院）；National Center for Theoretical Sciences（国家理论科学中心）；Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学）
Some highly reddened Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) display low total-to-selective extinction ratios ($R_V \lesssim 2$) in comparison to that of typical Milky Way dust ($R_V \approx 3.3$), and polarization curves that rise steeply to blue wavelengths, with peak polarization values at short wavelengths ($λ_{\rm max} < 0.4$ $μ$m) in comparison to the typical Galactic values ($λ_{\rm max} \approx 0.55$ $μ$m). Understanding the source of these properties could provide insight into the progenitor systems of SNe Ia. We aim to determine whether they are the result of the host galaxy's interstellar dust …
Double peaked light curves are observed for some Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic) including LSQ14efd, iPTF15dtg and SN 2020bvc. One possible explanation of the first peak would be shock-cooling emission from massive extended material around the progenitor, which is produced by mass eruption or rapid expansion of the outermost layers of the progenitor shortly before the supernova explosion. We investigate the effects of such circumstellar matter (CSM) on the multi-band optical light curves of SNe Ic using the radiation hydrodynamics code STELLA. Two different SNe Ic progenitor masses at the pre-SN s…
