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arXiv 1610.08054astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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用致密的星周物质统一II型超新星的光变曲线

Unifying Type II Supernova Light Curves with Dense Circumstellar Material

Viktoriya Morozova, Anthony L. Piro, Stefano Valenti

摘要:

超新星研究中的一个长期问题是IIP型和IIL型超新星之间的关系。它们是来自不同的祖先,还是来自类似的恒星,具有从一个类到另一个类的平稳过渡的某些性质,一直是许多争论的主题。在这里,我们使用一维辐射流体动力学SN模型,SNe IIL的多波段光变曲线很好地拟合由致密的拱星材料(CSM)包围的普通红超巨星。这种物质的推断范围,加上典型的风速为~10-100 km/s,表明这些恒星在其生命的最后~个月至~年期间活动增强,这可能与核燃烧的高级阶段有关。此外,我们发现,即使对于更像高原的SNe,致密的CSM也能更好地拟合其光变曲线的前20天,这表明这种材料的存在可能比以前认识到的更广泛。在这里,我们选择用类似风的密度分布来模拟CSM,但目前还不清楚这是否只是一般地代表了一些其他的质量分布,例如最近的质量喷射,厚盘,甚至是膨胀的外壳材料。更好地了解这种材料的确切几何形状和密度分布将是未来研究的重要问题。

英文摘要:

A longstanding problem in the study of supernovae (SNe) has been the relationship between the Type IIP and Type IIL subclasses. Whether they come from distinct progenitors or they are from similar stars with some property that smoothly transitions from one class to another has been the subject of much debate. Here we show using one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic SN models that the multi-band light curves of SNe IIL are well fit by ordinary red supergiants surrounded by dense circumstellar material (CSM). The inferred extent of this material, coupled with a typical wind velocity of ~10-100 km/s, suggests enhanced activity by these stars during the last ~months to ~years of their lives, which may be connected with advanced stages of nuclear burning. Furthermore, we find that even for more plateau-like SNe that dense CSM provides a better fit to the first ~20 days of their light curves, indicating that the presence of such material may be more widespread than previously appreciated. Here we choose to model the CSM with a wind-like density profile, but it is unclear whether this just generally represents some other mass distribution, such as a recent mass ejection, thick disk, or even inflated envelope material. Better understanding the exact geometry and density distribution of this material will be an important question for future studies.

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