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arXiv 1303.6958astro-ph.HE
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超新星喷出物与致密星周壳相互作用产生的超亮X射线辐射

Super-luminous X-ray Emission from the Interaction of Supernova Ejecta with Dense Circumstellar Shells

Tony Pan, Daniel J. Patnaude, Abraham Loeb

摘要:

对于由动能转化为辐射的超新星供电,由于与致密的拱壳的喷出物的相互作用,我们表明,可能有X射线类似物的光学超亮SNe具有可比的光度和能量。我们认为X射线发射的前冲击SNe喷出物碰撞到一个光学薄的CSM壳,推导出简单的表达式作为拱壳特性的函数的X射线光度,并讨论了不同的制度,在其中的冲击将是辐射或绝热的,以及是否发射将占主导地位的自由辐射或线冷却。我们发现,即使在正常超新星爆炸能量为10^51 erg的情况下,也存在CSM壳层结构,它可以将大部分爆炸能量释放为X射线,产生未吸收的X射线亮度,接近10^44 erg/s的事件持续几个月,甚至10^45 erg/s的闪光持续几天。虽然星周壳层的大柱密度可以吸收来自初始冲击的大部分通量,但最明亮的事件产生的硬X射线不太容易被光电吸收,并且可以通过完全电离中间物质来抵消这种损失。无论如何,一旦冲击波穿过整个星周壳层,观测者就可以获得完整的光度。

英文摘要:

For supernova powered by the conversion of kinetic energy into radiation due to the interactions of the ejecta with a dense circumstellar shell, we show that there could be X-ray analogues of optically super-luminous SNe with comparable luminosities and energetics. We consider X-ray emission from the forward shock of SNe ejecta colliding into an optically-thin CSM shell, derive simple expressions for the X-ray luminosity as a function of the circumstellar shell characteristics, and discuss the different regimes in which the shock will be radiative or adiabatic, and whether the emission will be dominated by free-free radiation or line-cooling. We find that even with normal supernova explosion energies of 10^51 erg, there exists CSM shell configurations that can liberate a large fraction of the explosion energy in X-rays, producing unabsorbed X-ray luminosities approaching 10^44 erg/s events lasting a few months, or even 10^45 erg/s flashes lasting days. Although the large column density of the circumstellar shell can absorb most of the flux from the initial shock, the most luminous events produce hard X-rays that are less susceptible to photoelectric absorption, and can counteract such losses by completely ionizing the intervening material. Regardless, once the shock traverses the entire circumstellar shell, the full luminosity could be available to observers.

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