独裁者博弈中基于声誉角色分配的社会公平规范
Social norms of fairness with reputation-based role assignment in the dictator game
摘要：
大量的实验都认为，社会规范是参与独裁者游戏（DG）的个体群体中出现公平的主要因素。最近，探索哪些社会规范有利于维持合作得到了相当大的关注。然而，到目前为止，很少有研究探讨社会规范如何影响公平的演变，通过间接互惠。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个间接互惠模型的独裁者，并认为一个人可以被指定为独裁者，由于其良好的声誉。我们调查的“前八”规范和所有的二阶社会规范的两个时间尺度的理论分析。我们发现，当角色分配是基于声誉，四个“前八”规范，包括严厉的判断和简单的立场，导致高水平的公平性，这增加了选择强度。我们的工作还表明，不仅要正确对待与良好的收件人进行公平分割，而且要区分不合理的不公平分割与合理的不公平分割，以提高公平水平。
英文摘要：
A vast body of experiments share the view that social norms are major factors for the emergence of fairness in a population of individuals playing the dictator game (DG). Recently, to explore which social norms are conducive to sustaining cooperation has obtained considerable concern. However, thus far few studies have investigated how social norms influence the evolution of fairness by means of indirect reciprocity. In this study, we propose an indirect reciprocal model of the DG and consider that an individual can be assigned as the dictator due to its good reputation. We investigate the `leading eight' norms and all second-order social norms by a two-timescale theoretical analysis. We show that when role assignment is based on reputation, four of the `leading eight' norms, including stern judging and simple standing, lead to a high level of fairness, which increases with the selection intensity. Our work also reveals that not only the correct treatment of making a fair split with good recipients but also distinguishing unjustified unfair split from justified unfair split matters in elevating the level of fairness.
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