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arXiv 2210.06503astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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M51中的新星:来自多历元HST数据的新的、高得多的速率

Novae in M51: a New, Much Higher Rate from Multi-epoch HST Data

Shifra Mandel, Michael M. Shara, David Zurek, Charlie Conroy, Pieter van Dokkum

摘要:

准确测定不同类型星系中新星爆发的速率,可以给我们提供这些星系的基本白矮星和双星种群以及这些恒星的空间分布的强有力的约束。直到2016年,基于地面的外部星系调查所固有的局限性-以及银河系中的尘埃灭绝-严重阻碍了这些速率的确定以及它们在不同类型星系之间的差异。红外银河系巡天和密集的哈勃太空望远镜(HST)巡天正在克服这些限制,导致相对于先前声称的星系新星率急剧增加。在这里,我们提出了14颗新星候选者,这些候选者是在对大质量螺旋星系M51(“漩涡星系”)进行为期一年的HST调查期间偶然观察到的。我们使用模拟的基础上观察到的新星光变曲线建模的不完整性的HST调查在前所未有的细节,确定新星探测效率$ε= 20.3$百分比。该调查的M51区域覆盖率,结合$ε$,表明$172^{+46}_{-37}$新星年$^{-1}$的保守M51新星率,对应于$\sim10.4^{+2.8}_{-2.2}$新星年$^{-1}$ / $10^{10} L_{\odot,K}$的亮度特异性新星率(LSNR)。这两个速率都比地面研究估计的速率高出一个数量级,这与低节奏地面调查确定的所有类型星系的普遍低新星速率的说法相矛盾。他们证明,与理论模型相反,在一个巨大的椭圆星系(M87)和一个巨大的螺旋星系(M51)中,HST确定的LSNR可能没有一个数量级或更多的差异,事实上可能非常相似。

英文摘要:

Accurate determination of the rates of nova eruptions in different kinds of galaxies give us strong constraints on those galaxies' underlying white dwarf and binary populations, and those stars' spatial distributions. Until 2016, limitations inherent in ground-based surveys of external galaxies - and dust extinction in the Milky Way - significantly hampered the determination of those rates and how much they differ between different types of galaxies. Infrared Galactic surveys and dense cadence Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-based surveys are overcoming these limitations, leading to sharply increased nova-in-galaxy rates relative to those previously claimed. Here we present 14 nova candidates that were serendipitously observed during a year-long HST survey of the massive spiral galaxy M51 (the "Whirlpool Galaxy"). We use simulations based on observed nova light curves to model the incompleteness of the HST survey in unprecedented detail, determining a nova detection efficiency $ε= 20.3$ percent. The survey's M51 area coverage, combined with $ε$, indicates a conservative M51 nova rate of $172^{+46}_{-37}$ novae yr$^{-1}$, corresponding to a luminosity-specific nova rate (LSNR) of $\sim10.4^{+2.8}_{-2.2}$ novae yr$^{-1}$/$10^{10} L_{\odot,K}$. Both these rates are approximately an order of magnitude higher than those estimated by ground-based studies, contradicting claims of universal low nova rates in all types of galaxies determined by low cadence, ground-based surveys. They demonstrate that, contrary to theoretical models, the HST-determined LSNR in a giant elliptical galaxy (M87) and a giant spiral galaxy (M51) likely do not differ by an order of magnitude or more, and may in fact be quite similar.

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