哈勃天体测量计划：为下一代Local Group自行巡天奠定基础
A Hubble Astrometry Initiative: Laying the Foundation for the Next-Generation Proper-Motion Survey of the Local Group
摘要：
整个本星系群的高精度天体测量是哈勃太空望远镜（HST）的独特能力，具有变革性科学的潜力，包括限制暗物质的性质，探测再电离的时代，以及理解星系演化的关键物理学。虽然盖亚将为银河系内晕中的明亮恒星提供无与伦比的天体测量精度，但HST是目前唯一能够测量更远距离（> 80 kpc）系统的精确自行的任务，这代表了本星系群中的绝大多数星系。下一代自行测量将需要很长的时间基线，跨越多年到几十年，可能需要多台望远镜，将HST与詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）或宽视场红外巡天望远镜（WFIRST）结合起来。然而，目前的HST分配过程不利于这种多周期/多任务科学，这将主要在许多年内取得成果。我们提出了一个HST天体测量计划，使长时间基线，多任务科学，我们建议可以用来提供全面的运动学测量的所有矮星系和高表面密度恒星流在本地集团与HST的高级相机的调查（ACS）或宽视场相机3（WFC 3）。这样的举措不仅将在未来5年内产生前沿的科学成果，而且还将作为未来任务的关键锚点，以获得前所未有的天体测量精度，确保HST在未来几十年内留下独特而持久的遗产。
英文摘要：
High-precision astrometry throughout the Local Group is a unique capability of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), with potential for transformative science, including constraining the nature of dark matter, probing the epoch of reionization, and understanding key physics of galaxy evolution. While Gaia will provide unparalleled astrometric precision for bright stars in the inner halo of the Milky Way, HST is the only current mission capable of measuring accurate proper motions for systems at greater distances (> 80 kpc), which represents the vast majority of galaxies in the Local Group. The next generation of proper-motion measurements will require long time baselines, spanning many years to decades and possibly multiple telescopes, combining HST with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) or the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). However, the current HST allocation process is not conducive to such multi-cycle/multi-mission science, which will bear fruit primarily over many years. We propose an HST astrometry initiative to enable long-time-baseline, multi-mission science, which we suggest could be used to provide comprehensive kinematic measurements of all dwarf galaxies and high surface-density stellar streams in the Local Group with HST's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) or Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Such an initiative not only would produce forefront scientific results within the next 5 years of HST's life, but also would serve as a critical anchor point for future missions to obtain unprecedented astrometric accuracy, ensuring that HST leaves a unique and lasting legacy for decades to come.
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