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arXiv 2210.04515math-phcond-mat.quant-gasmath.MP
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关于具有两体与(临界)吸引性三体相互作用的一维 Bose 气体

On one-dimensional Bose gases with two- and (critical) attractive three-body interactions

Dinh-Thi Nguyen, Julien Ricaud

AI总结:

本文研究含两体与临界吸引三体作用的一维聚焦 Bose 气体,证明不同强度标度下向三次–五次或五次 NLS 基态的完全凝聚及能量收敛。

摘要:

我们考虑一维、囚禁、聚焦的 Bose 气体,其中 N 个 boson 既通过形如 aN^{α-1}U(N^α(x-y)) 的两体相互作用势,也通过形如 -bN^{2β-2}W(N^β(x-y,x-z)) 的吸引性三体相互作用势彼此作用;这里 a∈R,b、α>0,0<β<1,U、W≥0,并且 ∫_R U(x)dx=1=∬_{R^2}W(x,y)dxdy。只要 b<𝔟:=3π²/2(一维聚焦五次非线性 Schrödinger 方程的临界强度),系统对任意 a∈R 都稳定;而当 b=𝔟 时,仅在 a≥0 时稳定。在前一种情形中,固定 b∈(0,𝔟),我们证明在平均场极限下,多体系统在三次–五次 NLS 基态上呈现 Bose–Einstein 凝聚。当假设 N→∞ 时 b=b_N↗𝔟 且 a=a_N→0,并且前者的收敛足够慢、“不快于”后者时,我们证明系统基态完全凝聚在五次 NLS 方程的(唯一)解上。在后一种情形,即固定 b=𝔟 时,对于固定的 a>0,我们在 β 较小时得到多体能量的收敛。最后,我们分析当 b_N↗𝔟 的收敛“快于”足够慢的 0<a_N↘0 收敛时,多体基态的行为。

英文摘要:

We consider a one-dimensional, trapped, focusing Bose gas where $N$ bosons interact with each other via both a two-body interaction potential of the form $a N^{α-1} U(N^α(x-y))$ and an attractive three-body interaction potential of the form $-b N^{2β-2} W(N^β(x-y,x-z))$, where $a\in\mathbb{R}$, $b,α>0$, $0<β<1$, $U, W \geq 0$, and $\int_{\mathbb{R}}U(x) \mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}x = 1 = \iint_{\mathbb{R}^2} W(x,y) \mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}x \mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}y$. The system is stable either for any $a\in\mathbb{R}$ as long as $b<\mathfrak{b} := 3π^2/2$ (the critical strength of the 1D focusing quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation) or for $a \geq 0$ when $b=\mathfrak{b}$. In the former case, fixing $b \in (0,\mathfrak{b})$, we prove that in the mean-field limit the many-body system exhibits the Bose$\unicode{x2013}$Einstein condensation on the cubic-quintic NLS ground states. When assuming $b=b_N \nearrow \mathfrak{b}$ and $a=a_N \to 0$ as $N \to\infty$, with the former convergence being slow enough and "not faster" than the latter, we prove that the ground state of the system is fully condensed on the (unique) solution to the quintic NLS equation. In the latter case $b=\mathfrak{b}$ fixed, we obtain the convergence of many-body energy for small $β$ when $a > 0$ is fixed. Finally, we analyze the behavior of the many-body ground states when the convergence $b_N \nearrow \mathfrak{b}$ is "faster" than the slow enough convergence $0<a_N \searrow 0$.

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