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arXiv math-ph/0504042math-phcond-mat.stat-mechmath.MP
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旋转玻色气体Gross-Pitaevskii方程的推导

Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for Rotating Bose Gases

Elliott H. Lieb, Robert Seiringer

摘要:

我们证明了Gross-Pitaevskii方程正确地描述了具有排斥两体相互作用的旋转、稀释、囚禁玻色气体的基态能量和相应的单粒子密度矩阵。我们还证明了存在100%的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。虽然GP方程正确描述非旋转或缓慢旋转气体的证明已经有一段时间了,但快速旋转的情况还不清楚,因为玻色(即,对称)基态在这种情况下不是哈密顿量的最低本征态。借助于相干态,我们已经能够克服这个困难。我们的证明也在概念上简化了以前的证明慢旋转的情况下。在轴对称势阱的情况下,我们的结果表明量子化涡旋的出现引起了基态的自发对称性破缺。

英文摘要:

We prove that the Gross-Pitaevskii equation correctly describes the ground state energy and corresponding one-particle density matrix of rotating, dilute, trapped Bose gases with repulsive two-body interactions. We also show that there is 100% Bose-Einstein condensation. While a proof that the GP equation correctly describes non-rotating or slowly rotating gases was known for some time, the rapidly rotating case was unclear because the Bose (i.e., symmetric) ground state is not the lowest eigenstate of the Hamiltonian in this case. We have been able to overcome this difficulty with the aid of coherent states. Our proof also conceptually simplifies the previous proof for the slowly rotating case. In the case of axially symmetric traps, our results show that the appearance of quantized vortices causes spontaneous symmetry breaking in the ground state.

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