Spin polarization and entanglement are utilized by the BESIII experiment to learn more about the production and decay properties of hyperon-antihyperon pairs in a series of recent analyses of its unprecedented datasets at the $J/ψ$ and $ψ'$ resonances. This has lead to the observation of significant transverse polarisation in decays of $J/ψ$ or $ψ'$ into $Λ\barΛ$, $Σ\barΣ$, $Ξ\barΞ$, and $Ω\barΩ$. Because of the non-zero polarization, the decay parameters for the most common hadronic weak decays of both hyperons and antihyperons could be determined independently for the first time. Comparing these to each other yields precise tests of direct, $ΔS = 1$ CP-violation that complement measurements of kaon decays.
Using the largest $J/ψ$ and $ψ(3686)$ data samples collected at the BESIII experiment, the hyperon anti-hyperon pairs are generated in their quantum entangle system. The polarization of hyperon has been observed, which makes it possible to measure the decay parameters of hyperon and anti-hyperon precisely. The CP conservation observables have been estimated which is important to test the Standard Model. In the meanwhile, the branching fractions and angular distributions related to hyperon pair production have been measured.
The study of hyperon decays at the Beijing Electron Spectrometer III (BESIII) is proposed to investigate the events of $J/ψ$ decay into hyperon pairs, which provide a pristine experimental environment at the Beijing Electron--Positron Collider II. About $10^{6}$--$10^8$ hyperons, i.e., $Λ$, $Σ$, $Ξ$, and $Ω$, will be produced in the $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ decays with the proposed data samples at BESIII. Based on these samples, the measurement sensitivity of the branching fractions of the hyperon decays is in the range of $10^{-5}$--$10^{-8}$. In addition, with the known center-of-mass energy and "t…
School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University（兰州大学物理科学与技术学院）；Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University（兰州大学稀有同位素前沿科学中心）
The BESIII experiment at the electron-positron collider BEPCII in Beijing (China) is successfully operating since 2008 and has collected large data samples in the tau-mass region, including the world's largest data samples at the $J/ψ$ and $ψ'$ resonances. The recent observations of hyperon polarizations at BESIII opens a new window for testing CP violation, as it allows for simultaneous production and detection of hyperon and anti-hyperon pair two-body weak decays. The CP-symmetry tests can be performed in processes like e.g. $J/ψ\toΛ\barΛ$, $J/ψ,ψ'\toΣ^+\barΣ^-$ and $J/ψ\toΞ^-\barΞ^+$. For t…
Tests of CP symmetry in entangled hyperon anti-hyperon pairs at BESIII
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Uppsala University（乌普萨拉大学）；National Centre for Nuclear Research（波兰国家核子研究中心）；INFN Sezione di Perugia（意大利国家核物理研究院佩鲁加分部）；Università di Perugia（佩鲁贾大学）；Lanzhou University（兰州大学）；Institute of Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences（河南省科学院物理研究所）
The BESIII experiment, based on the BEPCII collider at IHEP in Beijing, China, is capable of measuring nucleon form factors with unprecedented precision. We report recent results achieved by the BESIII collaboration concerning the nucleon time-like form factors and the hyperon pair production. More in detail we outline the results obtained by the study of the process $e^+e^- \to p \overline p$, using both the scan-energy and initial-state radiation techniques, those of the process $e^+e^- \to n \overline n$, and the study of the $Σ$ polarization regarding the process $e^+e^- \to J/ψ\to Σ^+\ove…
Experimental Advances on Light Baryon Spectroscopy at BESIII Experiment
Lanzhou University（兰州大学）；Institute of High Energy Physics（高能物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Institute of Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences（河南省科学院物理研究所）
The BESIII collaboration here reports the first observation of polarized $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons produced in two different processes: i) the resonant $e^+e^- \to J/ψ\toΛ\barΛ$, using a data sample of 1.31 $\times$ 10$^9$ $J/ψ$ events and ii) the non-resonant $e^+e^-\to γ^* \to Λ\barΛ$, using a 66.9 pb$^{-1}$ data sample collected at $\sqrt{s} =$ 2.396 GeV. In $e^+e^-\to J/ψ\toΛ\barΛ$, the phase between the electric and the magnetic amplitude is measured for the first time to be $42.3^{\mathrm{o}} \pm 0.6^{\mathrm{o}} \pm 0.5^{\mathrm{o}}$. The multi-dimensional analysis enables a model-indepe…
Weak radiative hyperon decays, important to test the strong interaction and relevant in searches for beyond the standard model physics, have remained puzzling both experimentally and theoretically for a long time. The recently updated branching fraction and first measurement of the asymmetry parameter of $Λ\to nγ$ by the BESIII Collaboration further exacerbate the issue, as none of the existing predictions can describe the data. We show in this letter that the covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory, with constraints from the latest measurements of hyperon non-leptonic decays, can well des…
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University（华南师范大学量子物质研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University（蒙纳士大学物理与天文学院）
We present a concise overview on $CP$ violation in hyperon decays, including past, present, and future efforts to search for it. We highlight in particular the most recent results of the BESIII experiment using a quantum-entangled pair of hyperon and antihyperon produced by a charmonium resonance formed in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. The subsequent nonleptonic decays of these hyperon pairs allow for the simultaneous determination of various parameters pertaining to $CP$ violation in the decays. We compare the reported data with the corresponding current predictions for $CP$ asymmetries within the s…
Searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model in hyperon sector
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；National Centre for Nuclear Research（国家核研究中心）；Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）
That massless dark photons could exist and have flavor-changing magnetic-dipole interactions with down-type light quarks is an attractive possibility which may be realized in various new-physics scenarios. It is potentially testable not only in kaon processes but also via two-body hyperon decays involving missing energy carried away by the massless dark photon. We explore the latter within a simplified model approach and take into account constraints from the kaon sector. We find that the branching fractions of some of these hyperon modes are allowed to be as high as a few times $10^{-4}$. Suc…
We investigate the quantum correlated $Λ\barΛ $ production in the reaction $e^{+}e^{-} \to J/ψ\to Λ\barΛ$. Since the $Λ$ or $\barΛ$ has a nonzero magnetic moment, its spin will undergo a Larmor precession in the magnetic field of the detector, such as the BESIII experiment. Because of the spin precession, the angular distribution of the $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ is slightly modified. Therefore, we obtain the corresponding term of the modified angular distribution due to the effect of the Larmor precession. We also estimate its potential effect on the measurements of $CP$ violation, as well as the decay …
Dark sector particles at the GeV scale carrying baryon number provide an attractive framework for understanding the origin of dark matter and the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. We demonstrate that dark decays of hadronic states containing strange quarks -- hyperons -- offer excellent prospects for discovering such dark baryons. Building up on novel calculations of the matrix elements relevant for hyperon dark decays, and in view of various collider, flavor, and astrophysical constraints, we determine the expected rates at hyperon factories like BESIII and LHCb. We also highlight …
We explore the strangeness-changing decays of the lightest hyperons into another baryon plus missing energy within and beyond the standard model (SM). In the SM these processes arise from the loop-induced quark transition $s\to dν\barν$ and their branching fractions are estimated to be less than $10^{-11}$. In the presence of new physics (NP) the rates of these hyperon decays with missing energy could increase significantly with respect to the SM expectations because of modifications to the SM process or contributions from additional modes with new invisible particles. Adopting a model-indepen…
We consider the strangeness-changing decays of hyperons into another baryon and missing energy which is carried away by a pair of invisible spinless bosons. Pursuing a model-independent approach and taking into account constraints from the kaon sector, we find that these hyperon modes can have large rates, especially if the bosons have parity-odd effective couplings to light quarks. In that case the rates could attain values which are well within the expected reach of the currently running BESIII experiment. Since the branching fractions of hyperon decays with missing energy are tiny in the st…
Studies of light meson decays are important tools to perform precision tests of the effective field theories, determine transition form factors, and test fundamental symmetries. With very high statistics data samples, the BESIII experiment provides a unique laboratory for light meson studies and is contributing significantly to a variety of these investigations. A brief review of recent progress in light meson decay studied at the BESIII experiment, including detailed studies of common decay dynamics, searches for rare/forbidden decays and new particles, is presented. Finally, together with de…
The standard model of particle physics is a well-tested theoretical framework, but there are still a number of issues that deserve further experimental and theoretical investigation. For quark physics, such questions include: the nature of quark confinement, the mechanism that connects the quarks and gluons of the standard model theory to the strongly interacting particles; and the weak decays of quarks, which may provide insights into new physics mechanisms responsible for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. These issues are addressed by the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) expe…
The Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) collaboration uses $e^+e^-$ collisions in the tau-charm energy region to study a broad spectrum of topics. These include studies of light mesons and light baryons, studies of charmonium, including exotic mesons and baryons containing charmonium, studies of charmed mesons and baryons, studies of QCD and tau physics, as well as searches for new physics. The following is a Snowmass white paper that outlines the BESIII accomplishments and potential in each of these areas.
We investigate the potential of rare hyperon decays to probe the short distance structure in the $s\to dν\barν$ and $s\to d\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions. Hyperon decays into neutrinos ($B_1\to B_2ν\barν$) can be reliably predicted by using form factors determined in baryon chiral perturbation theory. Their decay rates are sensitive to different short-distance operators, as compared to their kaon counterparts, and the corresponding branching fractions are in the range of $10^{-14}\sim10^{-13}$ in the standard model. In the context of the low-energy effective theory, we find that the anticipated BES…
With the help of the largest data samples of $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ events ever produced in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, the three singlet charmonium states, $η_c(1S)$, $η_c(2S)$ and $h_c(1P)$, have been extensively studied at the BESIII experiment. In this review, a survey on the most recent results, including a series of precision measurements and observations of their new decay modes, is presented, which indicates the further investigations on their decays are needed to understand their decay mechanisms and have precision tests of the theoretical models. At present, about eight times larger data samp…
The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental observables that parametrise the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons and provide a key to the strong interaction. The Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) is located at the Beijng Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII), a symmetric $e^+e^-$ collider running at center-of-mass energies between 2.0 and 4.6 GeV. This wide energy range allows the measurement of electromagnetic form factors both from direct $e^+e^-$ annihilation and from initial-state radiation processes. Based on $157~\mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ of data collected at center-of-mass energies betwee…
FCNC processes offer important tools to test the Standard Model (SM), and to search for possible new physics. In this work, we investigate the $s\to dν\barν$ rare hyperon decays in SM and beyond. We find that in SM the branching ratios for these rare hyperon decays range from $10^{-14}$ to $10^{-11}$. When all the errors in the form factors are included, we find that the final branching fractions for most decay modes have an uncertainty of about $5\%$ to $10\%$. After taking into account the contribution from new physics, the generalized SUSY extension of SM and the minimal 331 model, the deca…
The light unflavoured meson $η/η^{\prime}$ decays are valuable for testing non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics and exploring new physics beyond the Standard Model. This paper describes a series of event generators, including $η/η^{\prime}\toγl^{+}l^{-}$, $η/η^{\prime}\toγπ^{+}π^{-}$, $η^{\prime}\toωe^{+}e^{-}$, $η\toπ^{+}π^{-}π^{0}$, $η/η^{\prime}\toπ^{0}π^{0}π^{0}$, $η^{\prime}\toηππ$ and $η^{\prime}\toπ^{+}π^{-}π^{+}π^{-}/π^{+}π^{-}π^{0}π^{0}$, which have been developed for investigating $η/η^\prime$ decay dynamics. For most of these generators, their usability has been validated in BESI…
Prospects for Precision $YN$ and $\bar{n}N$ Measurements with an LH$_2$/LD$_2$ Target in the BESIII Detector
College of Physics, Jilin University（吉林大学物理学院）；Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Unified study of hyperon semileptonic decays in a relativistic three-quark model
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Ningbo University（宁波大学）；Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
With the ability to run above 4~GeV, the BESIII experiment located in the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII), has becoming a pioneer in searching and studying charmoniumlike states ($XYZ$ particles). In 2013, BESIII Collaboration discovered a charged charmoniumlike state $Z_c(3900)$, which is confirmed immediately experimentally, and provides the best candidate for a four quark state by now. Continuous studies by BESIII Collaboration show new decay behavior of $Z_c(3900)$, and there are possible partner particle $Z_c(4020)/Z_c(4025)$ existing. By scanning above 4~GeV, BESIII also reve…
The year 2019 marks the 30th anniversary of BES and the 100th anniversary of Rutherford's discovery of the proton. In spite of the fact that when BES operations started the proton was already 70 years old and the strange hyperons were all over 25, BES continues to make important and unique measurements of nucleon and hyperon properties, including some interesting discoveries.
We explore kaon decays with missing energy carried away by a massless dark photon, $\barγ$, assumed to have flavor-changing dipole-type couplings to the $d$ and $s$ quarks. We consider in particular the neutral-kaon modes $K_L\toγ\barγ$ and $K_L\toπ^0γ\barγ$ and their $K_S$ counterparts, as well as the charged-kaon channel $K^+\toπ^+γ\barγ$, each of which also has an ordinary photon, $γ$, in the final state. In addition, we look at $K_{L,S}\toπ^+π^-\barγ$ and $K^+\toπ^+π^0\barγ$. Interestingly, the same $ds\barγ$ interactions give rise to the flavor-changing two-body decays of hyperons with mi…
We review a novel model-independent approach to the analysis of new-physics effects in the $s\to u\ell^-\barν$ transitions. We apply it to (semi)leptonic kaon decays and study their complementarity with pion and hyperon $β$ decays or with collider searches of new physics.
Hadron spectroscopy is one of the most important physics goals of BESIII. BESIII brings great opportunities to study the XYZ states of charmonium by directly producing the Y states up to 4.6 GeV. High statistics of charmonium decays collected at BESIII provide an excellent place for hunting gluonic excitations and studying the excited baryons. Recent results of light hadron spectroscopy and charmonium spectroscopy from BESIII will be reported.
