The standard model of particle physics is a well-tested theoretical framework, but there are still a number of issues that deserve further experimental and theoretical investigation. For quark physics, such questions include: the nature of quark confinement, the mechanism that connects the quarks and gluons of the standard model theory to the strongly interacting particles; and the weak decays of quarks, which may provide insights into new physics mechanisms responsible for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. These issues are addressed by the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) experiment at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider II (BEPCII) storage ring, which for the past decade has been studying particles produced in electron-positron collisions in the tau-charm energy-threshold region, and has by now accumulated the world's largest datasets that enables searches for nonstandard hadrons, weak decays of the charmed particles, and new physics phenomena beyond the standard model. Here, we review the contributions of BESIII to such studies and discuss future prospects for BESIII and other experiments.
Using the largest $J/ψ$ and $ψ(3686)$ data samples collected at the BESIII experiment, the hyperon anti-hyperon pairs are generated in their quantum entangle system. The polarization of hyperon has been observed, which makes it possible to measure the decay parameters of hyperon and anti-hyperon precisely. The CP conservation observables have been estimated which is important to test the Standard Model. In the meanwhile, the branching fractions and angular distributions related to hyperon pair production have been measured.
Studies of light meson decays are important tools to perform precision tests of the effective field theories, determine transition form factors, and test fundamental symmetries. With very high statistics data samples, the BESIII experiment provides a unique laboratory for light meson studies and is contributing significantly to a variety of these investigations. A brief review of recent progress in light meson decay studied at the BESIII experiment, including detailed studies of common decay dynamics, searches for rare/forbidden decays and new particles, is presented. Finally, together with de…
The Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) collaboration uses $e^+e^-$ collisions in the tau-charm energy region to study a broad spectrum of topics. These include studies of light mesons and light baryons, studies of charmonium, including exotic mesons and baryons containing charmonium, studies of charmed mesons and baryons, studies of QCD and tau physics, as well as searches for new physics. The following is a Snowmass white paper that outlines the BESIII accomplishments and potential in each of these areas.
With the help of the largest data samples of $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ events ever produced in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, the three singlet charmonium states, $η_c(1S)$, $η_c(2S)$ and $h_c(1P)$, have been extensively studied at the BESIII experiment. In this review, a survey on the most recent results, including a series of precision measurements and observations of their new decay modes, is presented, which indicates the further investigations on their decays are needed to understand their decay mechanisms and have precision tests of the theoretical models. At present, about eight times larger data samp…
Spin polarization and entanglement are utilized by the BESIII experiment to learn more about the production and decay properties of hyperon-antihyperon pairs in a series of recent analyses of its unprecedented datasets at the $J/ψ$ and $ψ'$ resonances. This has lead to the observation of significant transverse polarisation in decays of $J/ψ$ or $ψ'$ into $Λ\barΛ$, $Σ\barΣ$, $Ξ\barΞ$, and $Ω\barΩ$. Because of the non-zero polarization, the decay parameters for the most common hadronic weak decays of both hyperons and antihyperons could be determined independently for the first time. Comparing t…
School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University（兰州大学物理科学与技术学院）；Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University（兰州大学稀有同位素前沿科学中心）
The BESIII experiment at the electron-positron collider BEPCII in Beijing (China) is successfully operating since 2008 and has collected large data samples in the tau-mass region, including the world's largest data samples at the $J/ψ$ and $ψ'$ resonances. The recent observations of hyperon polarizations at BESIII opens a new window for testing CP violation, as it allows for simultaneous production and detection of hyperon and anti-hyperon pair two-body weak decays. The CP-symmetry tests can be performed in processes like e.g. $J/ψ\toΛ\barΛ$, $J/ψ,ψ'\toΣ^+\barΣ^-$ and $J/ψ\toΞ^-\barΞ^+$. For t…
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, comprised of the unified electro-weak (EW) and Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) theories, accurately explains almost all experimental results related to the micro-world, and has made a number of predictions for previously unseen particles, most notably the Higgs scalar boson, that were subsequently discovered. As a result, the SM is currently universally accepted as the theory of the fundamental particles and their interactions. However, in spite of its numerous successes, the SM has a number of apparent shortcomings including: many free parameters that …
A comprehensive review of weak decays of charmed hadrons ($D^{0/+}$, $D^+_s$ and $Λ^+_c$) based on analyses of the threshold data from $e^+e^-$ annihilation in the BESIII experiment is presented. Current experimental challenges and successes in understanding decays of the charmed hadrons are discussed. Precise calibrations of QCD and tests of the Standard Model are provided by measurements of purely leptonic and semi-leptonic decays of charmed hadrons, and lepton universality is probed in purely leptonic decays of charmed mesons to three generations of leptons. Quantum correlations in threshol…
Learning transferable event representations for charmed baryon physics at BESIII
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Lanzhou University（兰州大学）；Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）
The particle identification of charged hadrons, especially for the separation of $K$ and $π$, is crucial for the flavour physics study. Ionization measurement with the cluster counting technique, which has much less fluctuation than traditional $dE/dx$ measurement, is expected to provide better particle identification for the BESIII experiment. Simulation studies, including a Garfield++ based waveform analysis and a performance study of K/πidentification in the BESIII, offline software system have been performed. The results show that $K/π$ separation power and PID efficiency would be improved…
Colloquium: Hadron Production in Open-charm Meson Pair at $e^+e^-$ Collider
School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University（兰州大学物理科学与技术学院）；Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, and Key Laboratory for Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics, Lanzhou University（兰州大学理论物理研究中心、甘肃省理论物理重点实验室、教育部量子理论与应用重点实验室、甘肃省量子物理基础学科省级研究中心）；School of Physics and Center of High Energy Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院高能物理中心）
We review the context, the motivations and the expected performances of a comprehensive and ambitious fixed-target program using the multi-TeV proton and ion LHC beams. We also provide a detailed account of the different possible technical implementations ranging from an internal wire target to a full dedicated beam line extracted with a bent crystal. The possibilities offered by the use of the ALICE and LHCb detectors in the fixed-target mode are also reviewed.
In parallel to the study of proton-proton collisions, LHCb is developing a unique heavy-ion programme and is pioneering beam-gas fixed-target physics at the CERN LHC. In this document, a selection of some recent results from both programmes is presented.
