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arXiv 2209.03255cs.CRcs.DC
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金鱼:以太坊不再受攻击?!

Goldfish: No More Attacks on Ethereum?!

Francesco D'Amato, Joachim Neu, Ertem Nusret Tas, David Tse

AI总结:

提出Goldfish协议,作为LMD GHOST的替代品,通过新颖协调机制抵御攻击,确保重组韧性和快速确认,结构相似且实验证明实用。

摘要:

LMD GHOST共识协议是权益证明以太坊的关键组成部分。在其当前形式下,该协议是脆弱的,近期攻击和修补尝试即为明证。我们提出Goldfish,一种满足作为LMD GHOST直接替代品所需关键属性的新协议:Goldfish在睡眠模型中安全,假设大多数验证者遵循协议。Goldfish具有重组韧性,确保诚实产生的区块被保证纳入账本,并支持快速确认,预期确认延迟与所需安全级别无关。子采样验证者可以提高Goldfish的通信效率,且Goldfish可与最终性/问责性工具组合。关键的是,Goldfish在结构上与LMD GHOST相似,为在以太坊中采用提供了可信路径。对LMD GHOST的攻击利用了诚实验证者之间缺乏协调,这种协调通常由经典BFT协议中的锁定机制提供。然而,锁定需要所有参与者法定人数的投票,且与波动的参与度不兼容。Goldfish由一种新颖的协调机制驱动,以同步诚实验证者的行动。我们Goldfish原型实现的实验表明其实用性。

英文摘要:

The LMD GHOST consensus protocol is a critical component of proof-of-stake Ethereum. In its current form, this protocol is brittle, as evidenced by recent attacks and patching attempts. We propose Goldfish, a new protocol that satisfies key properties required of a drop-in replacement for LMD GHOST: Goldfish is secure in the sleepy model, assuming a majority of the validators follows the protocol. Goldfish is reorg resilient so that honestly produced blocks are guaranteed inclusion in the ledger, and it supports fast confirmation with expected confirmation latency independent of the desired security level. Subsampling validators can improve the communication efficiency of Goldfish, and Goldfish is composable with finality/accountability gadgets. Crucially, Goldfish is structurally similar to LMD GHOST, providing a credible path to adoption in Ethereum. Attacks on LMD GHOST exploit lack of coordination among honest validators, typically provided by a locking mechanism in classical BFT protocols. However, locking requires votes from a quorum of all participants and is not compatible with fluctuating participation. Goldfish is powered by a novel coordination mechanism to synchronize the honest validators' actions. Experiments with our prototype implementation of Goldfish suggest practicality.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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