机会不平等与收入再分配
Inequality of Opportunity and Income Redistribution
AI总结：
本研究探讨机会不平等带来的不确定性如何影响收入再分配偏好，发现间接运气（机会）导致更少的再分配和更低的敏感性，表明个体比以往认为的更不注重能力。
摘要：
机会，如教育机会或家庭背景，通过影响经济成功的概率来塑造收入不平等。不平等的机会造成不确定性，即成功是基于能力还是运气。我们研究了这种不确定性如何影响再分配偏好，并将其与更透明的运气形式进行比较。利用一个具有美国代表性的样本，我们在两种环境中引出再分配决策：当工人的收入直接受运气影响（“幸运结果”）或间接受运气影响（“幸运机会”）时。在机会环境下，旁观者再分配较少，且对运气差异的敏感性较低。推断挑战导致了这一差距，这意味着个体比先前研究结果所显示的更不注重能力。
英文摘要：
Opportunities, such as access to education or family background, shape income inequality by influencing the chances of economic success. Unequal opportunities create uncertainty about whether success is merit- or luck-based. We examine how uncertainty impacts preferences for redistribution, comparing it to more transparent forms of luck. Using a U.S.-representative sample, we elicit redistribution decisions in two environments: when workers' earnings are influenced by luck directly ("lucky outcomes") or indirectly ("lucky opportunities"). Spectators redistribute less and are less sensitive to differences in luck under opportunities. Inferential challenges drive this gap, which implies that individuals are less meritocratic than previous findings suggest.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
