arXiv 2203.163522022-03hep-phnucl-exnucl-th

作为QGP探测器的重夸克和喷流

Heavy quarks and jets as probes of the QGP

Liliana Apolinário, Yen-Jie Lee, Michael Winn

发表信息：: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 103990 (2022)
DOI：: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103990

摘要：

夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）是在超相对论性重离子碰撞中产生的物质的QCD状态，具有显著的性质，包括例如低剪切粘度/熵比。通过探测碰撞产生的低动量粒子的集合，有可能获得对所产生物质的定量洞察。然而，它的快速演化和热化特性仍然难以捉摸。只有用高动量天体作为QGP的探测器，才能揭示QGP在不同波长的组分。在这篇评论中，我们试图提供一个全面的图片是什么，到目前为止，可能推断QGP鉴于我们目前的理论理解喷流，重味，夸克偶素。我们将把由此产生的定性图像与在LHC和RHIC进行的实验观察联系起来。我们将专注于实验观测的唯象描述，提供一个简短的分析总结的描述硬探针，并在未来几年中，我们将需要超越的主要困难的前景。基准QGP相关的影响，我们也将解决核修改的初始状态和强子化效应。

英文摘要：

Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a QCD state of matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, has remarkable properties, including, for example, a low shear viscosity over entropy ratio. By detecting the collection of low-momentum particles that arise from the collision, it is possible to gain quantitative insight into the created matter. However, its fast evolution and thermalization properties remain elusive. Only using high momentum objects as probes of QGP can unveil its constituents at different wavelengths. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive picture of what was, so far, possible to infer about QGP given our current theoretical understanding of jets, heavy-flavor, and quarkonia. We will bridge the resulting qualitative picture to the experimental observations done at the LHC and RHIC. We will focus on the phenomenological description of experimental observations, provide a brief analytical summary of the description of hard probes, and an outlook on the main difficulties we will need to surpass in the following years. To benchmark QGP-related effects, we will also address nuclear modifications to the initial state and hadronization effects.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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