为莫里哀注入新鲜空气：利用氧碰撞中的喷流子结构观测量检测莫里哀散射
A Breath of Fresh Air for Molière: Detecting Molière Scattering using Jet Substructure Observables in Oxygen Collisions
AI总结：
研究通过喷流子结构观测量探测氧碰撞中的莫里哀散射，展示其在喷流子结构和能量-能量相关函数中的影响，为探测QGP准粒子提供新方法。
摘要：
超相对论性氧-氧碰撞是探测罕见的大角高动量转移2→2莫里哀散射的有希望的场所，其中高速喷流夸克子与夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）中的准粒子发生散射。通过混合强/弱耦合模型，我们证明在该模型中包含喷流夸克子与介质准粒子之间的莫里哀散射是重现最近CMS测量的带电粒子抑制的关键。随后，我们提出了喷流-介质相互作用如何修改喷流内部结构的理论研究。我们发现莫里哀散射会扩大Soft Drop分裂角R_g，增强R=0.4和R=0.8喷流在R_g≈0.2的氧碰撞中的数量。能量-能量相关函数（EECs）提供互补探测，显示出由于喷流诱导的激波和莫里哀散射导致的喷流内大角相关性增强。在两种情况下，我们提出了一种实验测量，如果未来数据中的相关OO/pp比值增强超过1，则可作为模型无关的硬散射探测QGP准粒子的特征。我们进一步利用EECs的计算，展示了喷流或介质夸克子被莫里哀散射偏转的角标度如何在R_jet≈0.8的喷流EEC中留下印记。这些结果表明，氧碰撞中的喷流子结构测量是探测强耦合介质中短距离出现的准粒子的有希望的途径。
英文摘要：
Ultra-relativistic oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions are a promising arena in which to probe rare, large-angle, high momentum-transfer $2\rightarrow2$ Molière scatterings between energetic jet partons and quasiparticles in quark-gluon plasma (QGP). As a jet propagates through the droplet of QGP formed in the same collision, its constituents lose energy to and excite wakes in the medium, and may scatter off quark- and gluon-like quasiparticles in QGP. Using the hybrid strong/weak coupling model, we show that including Molière scatterings between jet partons and medium quasiparticles is essential to reproduce recent CMS measurements of charged-particle suppression in OO collisions with this model. We then present the first theoretical study of how jet-medium interactions modify the internal structure of jets in OO collisions. We find that Molière scatterings broaden the Soft Drop splitting angle $R_g$, enhancing the population of $R=0.4$ and $R=0.8$ jets with $R_g\gtrsim0.2$ in OO collisions relative to pp collisions. Energy-energy correlators (EECs) provide a complementary probe, exhibiting enhanced large-angle correlations within jets due to jet-induced wakes and Molière scattering. In both cases, we propose an experimental measurement where the relevant OO/pp ratio can, if enhanced above unity in future data as in our calculations, be a distinctive, model-independent, detection of hard scattering off QGP quasiparticles. We furthermore use our calculations of EECs to show how the angular scale corresponding to the deflection of jet or medium partons by Molière scattering is imprinted in the EEC for jets with radius $R_{\rm jet}\sim0.8$ in OO collisions. These results demonstrate that jet substructure measurements in OO collisions are promising avenues to probe the quasiparticles that emerge at short distances within an otherwise strongly coupled medium.
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