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arXiv 2203.15083quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-el
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在可编程量子模拟器上观测并编织拓扑 Majorana 模

Observing and braiding topological Majorana modes on programmable quantum simulators

Nikhil Harle, Oles Shtanko, Ramis Movassagh

AI总结:

该研究利用超导量子处理器模拟周期驱动一维费米子晶格,识别边缘拓扑 Majorana 模,并通过非绝热方案实现可验证的编织操作。

摘要:

电子是不可分割的基本粒子,但矛盾的是,一组电子却可以表现得像单个电子的一部分,并展现出奇异而有用的性质。一种被称为拓扑 Majorana 模的集体激发天然能够抵御不必要的局部噪声等扰动,因此可以稳健地存储量子信息。由此,Majorana 模作为拓扑量子计算的基本构件,提供了对错误的抵御能力。然而,在量子硬件上对其进行演示至今仍难以实现。在这里,我们使用超导量子处理器作为量子模拟器,演示了对拓扑 Majorana 模可验证的识别与编织。通过模拟一维晶格上受到周期驱动的费米子,我们确认了局域在边缘的 Majorana 模的存在,并将它们与其他平庸模区分开来。为了模拟拓扑量子计算中被称为编织的基本逻辑操作,我们提出了一种非绝热技术,其在实验中的实现揭示了正确的编织统计。这项工作还可进一步用于通过基于电路的模拟研究物质的拓扑模型,并表明人们长期寻求的量子现象可以由任何人在云端运行的量子模拟中实现,从而加速量子科学与技术中的基础发现。

英文摘要:

Electrons are indivisible elementary particles, yet paradoxically a collection of them can act as a fraction of a single electron, exhibiting exotic and useful properties. One such collective excitation, known as a topological Majorana mode, is naturally stable against perturbations, such as unwanted local noise, and can thereby robustly store quantum information. As such, Majorana modes serve as the basic primitive of topological quantum computing, providing resilience to errors. However, their demonstration on quantum hardware has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a verifiable identification and braiding of topological Majorana modes using a superconducting quantum processor as a quantum simulator. By simulating fermions on a one-dimensional lattice subject to a periodic drive, we confirm the existence of Majorana modes localized at the edges, and distinguish them from other trivial modes. To simulate a basic logical operation of topological quantum computing known as braiding, we propose a non-adiabatic technique, whose implementation reveals correct braiding statistics in our experiments. This work could further be used to study topological models of matter using circuit-based simulations, and shows that long-sought quantum phenomena can be realized by anyone in cloud-run quantum simulations, whereby accelerating fundamental discoveries in quantum science and technology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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