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arXiv 2203.12911physics.space-phastro-ph.SRphysics.plasm-ph
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太阳风质子有效平均自由程的测量

A Measurement of the Effective Mean-Free-Path of Solar Wind Protons

J. T. Coburn, C. H. K. Chen, J. Squire

摘要:

弱碰撞等离子体受到非线性弛豫过程的影响,其速率可以比粒子碰撞频率快得多。这导致等离子体像磁化流体一样响应,尽管具有长的粒子平均自由程。在这封信中,有效的碰撞机制在等离子体动力学方程中建模,以产生密度、压力和磁场响应,与航天器测量的1 AU处的太阳风压缩波动进行比较。这使得测量的有效平均自由程的太阳风质子,发现是4.35 $\times 10^5$公里,这是$\sim 10^3$倍短于碰撞平均自由程。这些测量结果表明,支持有效的流体行为的太阳风在尺度以上的质子回旋半径,并表明有效的碰撞过程改变了热力学和运输弱碰撞等离子体。

英文摘要:

Weakly collisional plasmas are subject to nonlinear relaxation processes, which can operate at rates much faster than the particle collision frequencies. This causes the plasma to respond like a magnetised fluid despite having long particle mean-free-paths. In this Letter the effective collisional mechanisms are modelled in the plasma kinetic equation to produce density, pressure and magnetic field responses to compare with spacecraft measurements of the solar wind compressive fluctuations at 1 AU. This enables a measurement of the effective mean-free-path of the solar wind protons, found to be 4.35 $\times 10^5$ km, which is $\sim 10^3$ times shorter than the collisional mean-free-path. These measurements are shown to support the effective fluid behavior of the solar wind at scales above the proton gyroradius and demonstrate that effective collision processes alter the thermodynamics and transport of weakly collisional plasmas.

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