1996-2011年影响地球环境的太阳质子事件经向非对称分布的统计和数值研究
The Statistical and Numerical Study of the Longitudinally Asymmetric Distribution of Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth Environment of 1996-2011
摘要：
大规模太阳质子事件影响着日地空间环境，是空间天气研究的一个重要方面。对1996-2011年的78个太阳质子事件进行了统计分析，发现在1 AU附近观测到的太阳质子事件的耀斑源存在纵向不对称分布，即观测者的磁场线脚点与耀斑源的经度间隔相同，位于观测者的标称磁足点东侧的源所产生的太阳质子事件的数量远大于位于西侧的源所产生的太阳质子事件的数量。为了对这种纵向非对称分布现象给出数值解释，提出了一个完整的太阳高能粒子（SEP）在三维Parker行星际磁场中传播的模型计算.我们发现太阳质子事件的纵向不对称分布是由于帕克行星际磁场拓扑结构中东西方位角的不对称性以及垂直扩散对日球层中SEP输运的影响。我们的研究结果对了解日地关系和空间天气预报都有价值。
英文摘要：
Large solar proton events (SPEs) affect the solar-terrestrial space environment and become a very important aspect in space weather research. In this work, we statistically investigate 78 solar proton events of 1996-2011 and find that there exists a longitudinally asymmetric distribution of flare sources of the solar proton events observed near 1 AU, namely, with the same longitude separation between magnetic field line footpoint of observer and flare sources, the number of the solar proton events originating from sources located at eastern side of the nominal magnetic footpoint of observer is much larger than that of the solar proton events originating from sources located at western side. A complete model calculation of solar energetic particle (SEP) propagation in the three-dimensional Parker interplanetary magnetic field is presented to give a numerical explanation for this longitudinally asymmetric distribution phenomenon. We find that the longitudinally asymmetric distribution of solar proton events results from the east-west azimuthal asymmetry in the topology of the Parker interplanetary magnetic field as well as the effects of perpendicular diffusion on the transport of SEPs in the heliosphere. Our results would be valuable in understanding the solar-terrestrial relations and useful in space weather forecasting.
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