终结者月球外层尘埃产生的中性太阳风
Neutral Solar Wind Generated by Lunar Exospheric Dust at the Terminator
摘要：
我们计算了在月球表面观测到的中性太阳风的通量，由于太阳风质子穿透外大气尘埃颗粒（1）半径大于0.1微米和（2）半径大于0.01微米。对于半径大于0.1微米的颗粒，当太阳风速度超过800 km/s时，由外逸层尘埃产生的中性太阳风通量与入射电离太阳风通量的比值估计约为10^-4-10^-3，但在平均速度到慢速太阳风速度时，比值要低得多（小于10^-5）。然而，当考虑到较小的颗粒尺寸时，估计在所有速度下该比值都大于10^-5，在超过700 km/s的速度下达到约10^-3。这些中性太阳风通量很容易用目前的低能中性原子仪器测量。从月球表面观测中性太阳风将提供关于月球外逸层中非常小的尘埃颗粒分布的独立信息，这将补充和限制紫外和可见波长的光学测量。
英文摘要：
We calculate the flux of neutral solar wind observed on the lunar surface at the terminator due to solar wind protons penetrating exospheric dust grains with (1) radii greater than 0.1 microns and (2) radii greater than 0.01 microns. For grains with radii larger than 0.1 microns, the ratio of the neutral solar wind flux produced by exospheric dust to the incident ionized solar wind flux is estimated to be about 10^-4-10^-3 for solar wind speeds in excess of 800 km/s, but much lower (less than 10^-5) at average to slow solar wind speeds. However, when the smaller grain sizes are considered, this ratio is estimated to be greater than 10^-5 at all speeds, and at speeds in excess of 700 km/s reaches about 10^-3. These neutral solar wind fluxes are easily measurable with current low energy neutral atom instrumentation. Observations of neutral solar wind from the surface of the Moon would provide independent information on the distribution of very small dust grains in the lunar exosphere that would complement and constrain optical measurements at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths.
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