在$\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV的$+$ $p$，$p$ $+$ Au，$d$ $+$ Au，和$^3$ He $+$ Au碰撞中方位角各向异性的二次谐波傅里叶系数的测量
Measurements of second-harmonic Fourier coefficients from azimuthal anisotropies in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^3$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
N. J. Abdulameer, U. Acharya, A. Adare, C. Aidala, N. N. Ajitanand, Y. Akiba, M. Alfred, V. Andrieux, K. Aoki, N. Apadula, H. Asano, C. Ayuso, B. Azmoun, V. Bab… 展开作者
N. J. Abdulameer, U. Acharya, A. Adare, C. Aidala, N. N. Ajitanand, Y. Akiba, M. Alfred, V. Andrieux, K. Aoki, N. Apadula, H. Asano, C. Ayuso, B. Azmoun, V. Babintsev, M. Bai, N. S. Bandara, B. Bannier, K. N. Barish, S. Bathe, A. Bazilevsky, M. Beaumier, S. Beckman, R. Belmont, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, L. Bichon, B. Blankenship, D. S. Blau, M. Boer, J. S. Bok, V. Borisov, K. Boyle, M. L. Brooks, J. Bryslawskyj, V. Bumazhnov, C. Butler, S. Campbell, V. Canoa Roman, R. Cervantes, C. -H. Chen, M. Chiu, C. Y. Chi, I. J. Choi, J. B. Choi, T. Chujo, Z. Citron, M. Connors, R. Corliss, Y. Corrales Morales, N. Cronin, M. Csanád, T. Csörgő, L. D. Liu, T. W. Danley, A. Datta, M. S. Daugherity, G. David, C. T. Dean, K. DeBlasio, K. Dehmelt, A. Denisov, A. Deshpande, E. J. Desmond, A. Dion, P. B. Diss, D. Dixit, V. Doomra, J. H. Do, A. Drees, K. A. Drees, M. Dumancic, J. M. Durham, A. Durum, T. Elder, H. En'yo, A. Enokizono, R. Esha, B. Fadem, W. Fan, N. Feege, D. E. Fields, M. Finger,, M. Finger, D. Firak, D. Fitzgerald, S. L. Fokin, J. E. Frantz, A. Franz, A. D. Frawley, Y. Fukuda, P. Gallus, C. Gal, P. Garg, H. Ge, M. Giles, F. Giordano, A. Glenn, Y. Goto, N. Grau, S. V. Greene, M. Grosse Perdekamp, T. Gunji, H. Guragain, T. Hachiya, J. S. Haggerty, K. I. Hahn, H. Hamagaki, H. F. Hamilton, J. Hanks, S. Y. Han, M. Harvey, S. Hasegawa, T. O. S. Haseler, K. Hashimoto, T. K. Hemmick, X. He, J. C. Hill, K. Hill, A. Hodges, R. S. Hollis, K. Homma, B. Hong, T. Hoshino, N. Hotvedt, J. Huang, K. Imai, J. Imrek, M. Inaba, A. Iordanova, D. Isenhower, Y. Ito, D. Ivanishchev, B. V. Jacak, M. Jezghani, X. Jiang, Z. Ji, B. M. Johnson, V. Jorjadze, D. Jouan, D. S. Jumper, S. Kanda, J. H. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, S. Karthas, D. Kawall, A. V. Kazantsev, J. A. Key, V. Khachatryan, A. Khanzadeev, A. Khatiwada, B. Kimelman, C. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. -J. Kim, G. W. Kim, M. Kim, M. H. Kim, T. Kim, D. Kincses, A. Kingan, E. Kistenev, R. Kitamura, J. Klatsky, D. Kleinjan, P. Kline, T. Koblesky, B. Komkov, D. Kotov, L. Kovacs, S. Kudo, B. Kurgyis, K. Kurita, M. Kurosawa, Y. Kwon, J. G. Lajoie, E. O. Lallow, D. Larionova, A. Lebedev, S. Lee, S. H. Lee, M. J. Leitch, Y. H. Leung, N. A. Lewis, S. H. Lim, M. X. Liu, X. Li, X. Li, V. -R. Loggins, D. A. Loomis, K. Lovasz, D. Lynch, S. Lökös, T. Majoros, Y. I. Makdisi, M. Makek, M. Malaev, A. Manion, V. I. Manko, E. Mannel, H. Masuda, M. McCumber, P. L. McGaughey, D. McGlinchey, C. McKinney, A. Meles, M. Mendoza, A. C. Mignerey, D. E. Mihalik, A. Milov, D. K. Mishra, J. T. Mitchell, M. Mitrankova, Iu. Mitrankov, G. Mitsuka, S. Miyasaka, S. Mizuno, A. K. Mohanty, M. M. Mondal, P. Montuenga, T. Moon, D. P. Morrison, S. I. Morrow, T. V. Moukhanova, A. Muhammad, B. Mulilo, T. Murakami, J. Murata, A. Mwai, K. Nagai, K. Nagashima, T. Nagashima, J. L. Nagle, M. I. Nagy, I. Nakagawa, H. Nakagomi, K. Nakano, C. Nattrass, S. Nelson, P. K. Netrakanti, T. Niida, S. Nishimura, R. Nouicer, N. Novitzky, R. Novotny, T. Novák, G. Nukazuka, A. S. Nyanin, E. O'Brien, C. A. Ogilvie, J. Oh, J. D. Orjuela Koop, M. Orosz, J. D. Osborn, A. Oskarsson, G. J. Ottino, K. Ozawa, R. Pak, V. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, J. S. Park, S. Park, M. Patel, S. F. Pate, J. -C. Peng, W. Peng, D. V. Perepelitsa, G. D. N. Perera, D. Yu. Peressounko, C. E. PerezLara, J. Perry, R. Petti, M. Phipps, C. Pinkenburg, R. Pinson, R. P. Pisani, M. Potekhin, A. Pun, M. L. Purschke, P. V. Radzevich, J. Rak, N. Ramasubramanian, B. J. Ramson, I. Ravinovich, K. F. Read, D. Reynolds, V. Riabov, Y. Riabov, D. Richford, T. Rinn, S. D. Rolnick, M. Rosati, Z. Rowan, J. G. Rubin, J. Runchey, A. S. Safonov, B. Sahlmueller, N. Saito, T. Sakaguchi, H. Sako, V. Samsonov, M. Sarsour, K. Sato, S. Sato, B. Schaefer, B. K. Schmoll, K. Sedgwick, R. Seidl, A. Sen, R. Seto, P. Sett, A. Sexton, D. Sharma, I. Shein, M. Shibata, T. -A. Shibata, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, T. Shioya, Z. Shi, P. Shukla, A. Sickles, C. L. Silva, D. Silvermyr, B. K. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Singh, M. Slunečka, K. L. Smith, M. Snowball, R. A. Soltz, W. E. Sondheim, S. P. Sorensen, I. V. Sourikova, P. W. Stankus, M. Stepanov, S. P. Stoll, T. Sugitate, A. Sukhanov, T. Sumita, J. Sun, Z. Sun, S. Syed, J. Sziklai, R. Takahama, A. Takeda, A. Taketani, K. Tanida, M. J. Tannenbaum, S. Tarafdar, A. Taranenko, G. Tarnai, R. Tieulent, A. Timilsina, T. Todoroki, M. Tomášek, C. L. Towell, R. Towell, R. S. Towell, I. Tserruya, Y. Ueda, B. Ujvari, H. W. van Hecke, S. Vazquez-Carson, J. Velkovska, M. Virius, V. Vrba, N. Vukman, X. R. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Watanabe, Y. S. Watanabe, F. Wei, A. S. White, C. P. Wong, C. L. Woody, M. Wysocki, B. Xia, L. Xue, C. Xu, Q. Xu, S. Yalcin, Y. L. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, A. Yanovich, P. Yin, I. Yoon, J. H. Yoo, I. E. Yushmanov, H. Yu, W. A. Zajc, A. Zelenski, S. Zhou, L. Zou
备注：
393 authors from 72 institutions, 14 pages, 10 figures, 2014, 2015, and 2016 data. v2 is version accepted for publication in Physical Review C. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Recently, the PHENIX Collaboration has published second- and third-harmonic Fourier coefficients $v_2$ and $v_3$ for midrapidity ($|η|<0.35$) charged hadrons in 0\%--5\% central $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^3$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV utilizing three sets of two-particle correlations for two detector combinations with different pseudorapidity acceptance [Phys. Rev. C {\bf 105}, 024901 (2022)]. This paper extends these measurements of $v_2$ to all centralities in $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^3$He$+$Au collisions, as well as $p$$+$$p$ collisions, as a function of transverse momentum ($p_T$) and event multiplicity. The kinematic dependence of $v_2$ is quantified as the ratio $R$ of $v_2$ between the two detector combinations as a function of event multiplicity for $0.5$$<$$p_T$$<$$1$ and $2$$<$$p_T$$<$$2.5$ GeV/$c$. A multiphase-transport (AMPT) model can reproduce the observed $v_2$ in most-central to midcentral $d$$+$Au and $^3$He$+$Au collisions. However, the AMPT model systematically overestimates the measurements in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Au, and peripheral $d$$+$Au and $^3$He$+$Au collisions, indicating a higher nonflow contribution in AMPT than in the experimental data. The AMPT model fails to describe the observed $R$ for $0.5$$<$$p_T$$<$$1$ GeV/$c$, but there is qualitative agreement with the measurements for $2$$<$$p_T$$<$$2.5$ GeV/$c$.
Probing the chiral magnetic wave in pPb and PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV using charge-dependent azimuthal anisotropies
Elliptic Anisotropy $v_2$ May Be Dominated by Particle Escape instead of Hydrodynamic Flow
一般认为，相对论性重离子碰撞中的方位各向异性是由强相互作用的夸克-胶子等离子体的流体动力学演化产生的。在这里，我们使用输运模型来研究方位角各向异性如何依赖于每个部分子遭受的碰撞次数。我们发现，对于200 A GeV的半中心Au+Au碰撞，大部分的$v_2$来自部分子的各向异性逃逸，而不是来自部分子的集体流.正如预期的那样，对于更小的系统，例如d+Au，来自各向异性颗粒逃逸的$v_2$的分数甚至更高。我们的输运模型的结果也证实，方位各向异性将占主导地位的流体动力学流在不现实的高部分子截面。因此，我们的发现很自然地解释了小型和大型系统中方位各向异性的相似性;然而，它对各向异性流的范式提出了挑战。
Measurements of long-range azimuthal anisotropies and associated Fourier coefficients for $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ and $13$ TeV and $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
用ATLAS方法测量了LHC上$\sqrt{s} = 5.02$和$13$ TeV $pp$碰撞以及$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV $p$ +Pb碰撞的两粒子关联。测量的相关函数作为相对方位角$Δϕ$，和赝快度分离$Δη$的函数，使用带电粒子的赝快度间隔$|η|{<}2.5$内检测。方位角调制的相关函数的长程分量，与$|Δη|{>}2$，研究使用模板拟合过程，以消除“背靠背”的相关函数，主要是从硬散射过程中产生的贡献。除了在先前的测量中观察到的椭圆$\cos{(2Δϕ)}$调制之外，$pp$相关函数还表现出显著的$\cos{(3Δϕ)}$和$\cos{(4Δϕ)}$调制。与$n =$ $2$ - $4$的相关函数的$\cos{(nΔϕ)}$调制相关联的傅立叶系数$v_{n,n}$被测量为带电粒子多重性和带电粒子横向动量的函数。傅立叶系数被观察到与$\cos{(nϕ)}$调制的每事件单粒子的方位角分布是兼容的。测量的单粒子傅立叶系数$v_n$作为一个函数的带电粒子多重性，和带电粒子的横向动量$n {=} $ $2$ - $4$。本分析中使用的积分光度为$\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$数据的$64$ $\mathrm{nb^{-1}}$、$\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV $pp$数据的$170$ $\mathrm{nb^{-1}…
Azimuthal anisotropies of charged particles with high transverse momentum in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Measurements of azimuthal anisotropies at forward and backward rapidity with muons in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 8.16$ TeV
ALICE 在 8.16 TeV 高多重数 p-Pb 碰撞中用两粒子累积量和关联法测量前、后向μ子 v_2，发现显著正各向异性，为重味集体行为理论提供新约束。
University of Tennessee（田纳西大学）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；Texas Southern University（德克萨斯南方大学）；Brookhaven National Laboratory（布鲁克海文国家实验室）；University of North Carolina, Greensboro（北卡罗来纳大学格林斯伯勒分校）；University of Houston（休斯顿大学）
Principal-component analysis of two-particle azimuthal correlations in PbPb and pPb collisions at CMS
首次采用主成分分析方法分离出重离子碰撞中两粒子关联矩阵的不同正交模。该分析使用了LHC CMS实验收集的sqrt（s[NN]）= 2.76 TeV PbPb和sqrt（s[NN]）= 5.02 TeV pPb碰撞的数据。两粒子方位角关联已广泛用于研究重离子碰撞中的流体动力学流动。最近，它已被证明，预期分解的两个粒子的结果成一个产品的组成单粒子各向异性被打破。这些模式提供的新信息可能有助于解释重离子碰撞中流因子分解的失效。前两种模式（“领先”和“次领先”）的两个粒子的相关性的椭圆形和三角形各向异性在PbPb和pPb碰撞作为一个函数的PT在广泛的事件活动。的主导模式被发现是基本上相当于各向异性谐波先前提取的两粒子相关方法。的subleading模式代表了一个新的实验观察，并示出占最近观察到的高横向动量的分解打破的大部分。主成分分析技术也被应用于多重性波动。这些也显示了一个子引导模式。这些新的结果与以前的研究分解的连接进行了讨论。
Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Correlations of azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics with subevent cumulants in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 8.16 TeV
利用子事件四粒子累积量技术，提取了8.16 TeV pPb碰撞数据中方位各向异性傅立叶系数（$v_n$）的逐事件关联.四个带电粒子的每个组合选自CMS跟踪器的伪快度范围从$-$ 2.4到2.4的两个、三个或四个不同的子事件区域，并且横向动量在0.3和3.0 GeV之间。使用子事件累积量技术，测量不同阶数的$v_n$之间的相关性作为粒子多重性的函数，并与没有子事件的标准累积量方法进行比较。在高多重性下，$v_2$和$v_3$系数表现出线性关系;使用各种方法一致地观察到这种行为。的$v_2$和$v_4$相关强度被发现依赖于在计算中使用的子事件的数量。当事件多重数减少时，由于非集体关联或少粒子关联的贡献不同，不同的子事件方法的结果会产生分歧。与四子事件方法提取的相关性表现出单调减少的趋势，向最低的多重性区域（约20个带电轨道）调查。这些研究结果扩展了以前的研究，以显着降低事件的多重性范围，并建立了证据，在小系统碰撞的远程集体多粒子相关性的发病。
A "breathing'' octupole $^{208}$Pb nucleus: resolving the elliptical-to-triangular azimuthal anisotropy puzzle in ultracentral relativistic heavy ion collisions
Azimuthal correlations of the longitudinal structure of the mid-rapidity charged-particle multiplicity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\mathrm{NN}}} =$ 2.76 TeV with ALICE
Mixed higher-order anisotropic flow and nonlinear response coefficients of charged particles in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 2.76 and 5.02 TeV
