Recent advances in extended reality (XR) technologies have enabled new and increasingly realistic empathy tools and experiences. In XR, all interactions take place in different spatial contexts, all with different features, affordances, and constraints. We present a systematic literature survey of recent work on empathy in XR. As a result, we contribute a research roadmap with three future opportunities in XR-enabled empathy research across both physical and virtual spaces.
Can AI detect pain and express pain empathy? A review from emotion recognition and a human-centered AI perspective
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院心理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University of Hamburg（汉堡大学）；University of Macau（澳门大学）
Practicing with Language Models Cultivates Human Empathic Communication
Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University（西北大学凯洛格管理学院）；Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Northwestern University（西北大学复杂系统研究所）；Ryan Institute on Complexity, Northwestern University（西北大学复杂性研究院）；Department of Computer Science, Stanford University（斯坦福大学计算机科学系）；Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University（西北大学传播学系）；Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University（西北大学计算机科学系）
PrivacyMotiv: Vulnerability-Centered Persona Journeys for Empathic Privacy Reviews in UX Design
Northeastern University（东北大学）；Institute of Design (ID) at Illinois Tech（伊利诺伊理工学院设计学院）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）
SENSE-7: Taxonomy and Dataset for Measuring User Perceptions of Empathy in Sustained Human-AI Conversations
Microsoft Research（微软研究院）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
Reframing Human-Robot Interaction Through Extended Reality: Unlocking Safer, Smarter, and More Empathic Interactions with Virtual Robots and Foundation Models
Division of Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology（KTH皇家理工学院机器人、感知与学习部）；Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen（卑尔根大学临床医学系）
The Missing Link of XR: Empathy-Driven Reality for XR and Beyond
The University of Auckland（奥克兰大学）；University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；University of Duisburg-Essen（杜伊斯堡-埃森大学）；Santa Clara University（圣克拉拉大学）；Meta；Google XR Labs（谷歌XR实验室）；JPMorganChase（摩根大通）；Activision（动视）；Monash University（蒙纳士大学）；University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；Adelaide University（阿德莱德大学）；University of Augsburg（奥格斯堡大学）；Keio University Graduate School of Media Design（庆应义塾大学媒体设计研究生院）；Center for Transformational Play（转型游戏中心）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
