按需共情：共情AI如何为言语骚扰提供可扩展的情感支持
Empathy on Demand: How Empathic AI Can Scale Emotional Support for Verbal Harassment
AI总结：
本文提出一个心理学框架，识别共情倾听的三个关键语言信号（观点采择、情感验证和行动导向），并通过实验证明大型语言模型能比人类非专家和心理健康专业人员更有效地使用这些信号，从而增强受害者的被倾听感和应对自我效能，为AI提供可扩展的情感支持提供了证据。
摘要：
言语骚扰是全世界人们日益增长的心理压力来源。它既发生在线上也发生在线下，并利用语言来贬低、威胁或诋毁目标。与损失或不确定性等其他压力源不同，言语骚扰旨在通过削弱目标被倾听的感觉和削弱其感知到的回应能力来使其沉默。然而，许多人在遭受此类骚扰时缺乏获得充分和及时支持的途径。人们越来越多地转向会话式人工智能（如ChatGPT或专门的AI伴侣）寻求情感支持，这引发了关于它是否能带来与真实人类共情相同的心理益处的问题。我们关注线上情境作为言语骚扰的普遍应用。我们开发并测试了一个心理学框架，识别出共情倾听的三个关键语言信号（观点采择、情感验证和行动导向），这些信号共同恢复了被倾听的感觉，并增强了在言语骚扰情境中的应对能力。我们发现，大型语言模型始终如一地产生比人类非专家和受过训练的心理健康专业人员更强的共情倾听标记的语言，促进了更多接近导向（相对于回避导向）的应对策略。随后的行为研究表明，这些语言信号增强了接收者的被倾听感，并提高了他们的应对自我效能。这些发现揭示了特定的语言特征如何在人类与高级会话式AI之间建立共情联系，并能增强人们的心理韧性。我们的结果突显了AI作为可扩展的情感支持来源的潜力，特别是在人类支持不可用或不足时。
英文摘要：
Verbal harassment is a growing source of psychological stress for people around the world. It occurs both online and offline and relies on language to demean, threaten, or discredit its targets. Unlike other stressors such as loss or uncertainty, verbal harassment aims at silencing its targets by eroding their sense of being heard and weakening their perceived ability to respond. Many individuals lack access to adequate and timely support, however, when they experience such harassment. People increasingly turn to conversational artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT or dedicated AI companions for emotional support, raising questions about whether it can facilitate the same psychological benefits as actual human empathy. We focus on online contexts as a prevalent application of verbal harassment. We develop and test a psychological framework identifying three key linguistic signals of empathic listening (perspective-taking, emotional validation, and action orientation), that together restore a sense of feeling heard and enhance coping in the context of verbal harassment. We find that LLMs consistently produce language exhibiting stronger empathic-listening markers than human non-experts and trained mental health professionals, promoting more approach-oriented (vs. avoidance-oriented) coping strategies. A subsequent behavioral study shows that these linguistic signals boost recipients' sense of feeling heard and increase their coping self-efficacy. These findings reveal how specific linguistic features create empathic connections between humans and advanced conversational AI and can enhance people's psychological resilience. Our results highlight the potential for AI to serve as a scalable source of emotional support, especially when human support is unavailable or insufficient.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
