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arXiv 2202.13674cond-mat.supr-con
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向列超导体中的对称性、长度尺度、磁响应与斯格明子链

Symmetries, Length Scales, Magnetic Response and Skyrmion Chains in Nematic Superconductors

Martin Speight, Thomas Winyard, Egor Babaev

AI总结:

该研究揭示向列超导体中混合简正模引发磁响应自发扭转的机制,发现低场下的斯格明子链及高场下的三角晶胞相变,提出可用于识别向列超导材料的实验标识,并发展了通用的涡旋晶格晶胞计算新方法。

摘要:

向列体系是破坏旋转对称性的双分量超导体,但表现出一种耦合空间旋转与相位差旋转的混合对称性。我们证明,这种诱导的空间各向异性的一个结果是存在混合简正模,即系统对其基态附近微小扰动的线性响应通常会耦合磁场自由度与凝聚体自由度。我们研究了随着外加磁场强度增加,模式混合对向列体系磁响应的影响。总体而言,我们证明耦合模式会产生垂直于外加磁场的磁场,导致磁响应方向自发扭转。我们针对弱场下的迈斯纳效应,以及产生斯格明子(Skyrmion)与复合涡旋混合态、形成依赖取向的束缚态的强外加场情形,分别研究了这一效应。我们还计算了由此得到的第一、第二临界场$H_{c_1}$和$H_{c_2}$的各向异性。研究表明,向列超导体中处于$H_{c_1} \leq H \leq H_{c_2}$区间的斯格明子晶格结构复杂,这与传统超导体中的三角形或正方形涡旋晶格形成对比。在低场下,系统的磁响应包含一系列松散束缚的平行斯格明子链。随着外场增强,这些链相互吸引,引发相变:在高外加场下,晶胞变为三角形。这种独特的斯格明子晶格与磁扭转效应是明确的实验标识,可用于在实验中识别具有向列超导性的材料。为得到这些结果,我们开发并提出了一种寻找涡旋晶格晶胞的新方法,该方法可应用于其他类型的超导体系。

英文摘要:

Nematic systems are two component superconductors that break rotational symmetry, but exhibit a mixed symmetry that couples spatial rotations and phase difference rotations. We show that a consequence of this induced spatial anisotropy is mixed normal modes, that is the linear response to a small perturbation of the system about its ground state, generally couples magnetic and condensate degrees of freedom. We will study the effect of mode mixing on the magnetic response of a nematic system as the strength of applied field is increased. In general we show that the coupled modes generate magnetic field perpendicular to the applied field, causing the magnetic response to spontaneously twist direction. We will study this for the Meissner effect with weak fields and also for stronger applied fields, which produce a mixture of Skyrmions and composite vortices, forming orientation dependent bound states. We will also calculate the anisotropies of the resulting first and second critical fields $H_{c_1}$ and $H_{c_2}$. The Skyrmion lattices for $H_{c_1} \leq H \leq H_{c_2}$ in nematic superconductors are shown to be structurally complicated, in contrast to the triangular or square vortex lattices in conventional superconductors. For low fields the magnetic response of the system involves a loosely bound collection of parallel Skyrmion chains. As the external field is increased the chains attract one another, causing a transition where the unit cell becomes triangular for high applied fields. This unique Skyrmion lattice and the magnetic twisting are clear indicators that could be used experimentally to identify materials that exhibit nematic superconductivity. To obtain these results we develop and present a novel method to find the unit cell of a vortex lattice that can be applied to other kinds of superconducting systems.

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