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arXiv 2202.07904cs.CR
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消息丢失时的区块链安全性

Blockchain Security when Messages are Lost

Taha Ameen, Suryanarayana Sankagiri, Bruce Hajek

摘要:

区块链研究中共识协议的安全性分析主要集中在同步模型上,其中点对点通信延迟的上限是一个已知的有限常数。这些模型在噪声环境中是不现实的,在噪声环境中,消息可能会丢失(即招致无限延迟)。在这项工作中,我们研究了消息丢失对工作量证明最长链协议安全性的影响。我们引入了一个新的通信模型来捕获消息丢失的影响称为$0-\infty$模型,并得出一个区域的可容忍的对抗能力下的共识协议是安全的。保证是作为交易违反所需安全属性的概率的简单界而导出的。具体来说,我们表明,这种违反概率几乎呈指数衰减的安全参数。我们的方法包括从块树中构造组合对象,并识别与它们相关的随机变量,这些变量可以进行分析。这种方法改进了现有的界限,并扩展了已知的制度,可容忍的对抗阈值的设置,其中消息可能会丢失。

英文摘要:

Security analyses for consensus protocols in blockchain research have primarily focused on the synchronous model, where point-to-point communication delays are upper bounded by a known finite constant. These models are unrealistic in noisy settings, where messages may be lost (i.e. incur infinite delay). In this work, we study the impact of message losses on the security of the proof-of-work longest-chain protocol. We introduce a new communication model to capture the impact of message loss called the $0-\infty$ model, and derive a region of tolerable adversarial power under which the consensus protocol is secure. The guarantees are derived as a simple bound for the probability that a transaction violates desired security properties. Specifically, we show that this violation probability decays almost exponentially in the security parameter. Our approach involves constructing combinatorial objects from blocktrees, and identifying random variables associated with them that are amenable to analysis. This approach improves existing bounds and extends the known regime for tolerable adversarial threshold in settings where messages may be lost.

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