贪婪但谨慎：矿工收敛于资源分配均衡的条件
Greedy but Cautious: Conditions for Miner Convergence to Resource Allocation Equilibrium
摘要：
所有的公共区块链都是由区块生产者之间的机会成本证明来保证的。例如，像比特币这样的工作量证明（PoW）系统提供的安全性是由于计算消耗;它是工作，因为它不能免费执行。一般来说，在生产区块时可证明丢失的资源越多，区块链的安全性就越高。当两个区块链共享相同的机会成本机制时，就像它们共享相同的PoW算法时，这两个链会从区块生产者那里竞争资源。事实上，如果资源类型之间存在流动性市场，那么理论上所有区块链都会争夺资源。在本文中，我们证明了任何两个区块链之间都存在资源分配均衡，这基本上是由每个链提供的奖励的法定价值驱动的，以换取提供安全。我们继续证明这个均衡是奇异的，并且总是能够实现，前提是区块生产者以贪婪但谨慎的方式行事。当他们过度贪婪时，情况正好相反：资源分配在两个链条之间的极端中振荡。我们表明，这些结果在实践中，并在块生成模拟。最后，我们展示了这个理论的几个应用，包括一个不可信的价格比预言机，提高了区块链的安全性，其硬币具有较低的法定价值，以及量化的成本分配资源远离均衡。
英文摘要：
All public blockchains are secured by a proof of opportunity cost among block producers. For example, the security offered by proof-of-work (PoW) systems, like Bitcoin, is due to spent computation; it is work precisely because it cannot be performed for free. In general, more resources provably lost in producing blocks yields more security for the blockchain. When two blockchains share the same mechanism for providing opportunity cost, as is the case when they share the same PoW algorithm, the two chains compete for resources from block producers. Indeed, if there exists a liquid market between resource types, then theoretically all blockchains will compete for resources. In this paper, we show that there exists a resource allocation equilibrium between any two blockchains, which is essentially driven by the fiat value of reward that each chain offers in return for providing security. We go on to prove that this equilibrium is singular and always achieved provided that block producers behave in a greedy, but cautious fashion. The opposite is true when they are overly greedy: resource allocation oscillates in extremes between the two chains. We show that these results hold both in practice and in a block generation simulation. Finally, we demonstrate several applications of this theory including a trustless price-ratio oracle, increased security for blockchains whose coins have lower fiat value, and a quantification of cost to allocating resources away from the equilibrium.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
