XIR：基于可验证中间表示的跨链协议互操作框架
XIR: A Framework for Interoperability across Cross-Chain Protocols Based on a Verifiable Intermediate Representation
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中文总结 AI 辅助
XIR提出基于可验证中间表示的框架，通过组合现有连接实现跨协议多跳路径，避免大量点对点配置，将区块链可达性从14.64%提升至96.86%。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
跨链协议使应用程序能够在区块链之间交换消息。在点对点配置下，通信依赖于源区块链和目标区块链之间的直接连接，这限制了区块链的可达性，并且需要额外的配置来连接更多区块链。为了量化这一问题，本文分析了从六个协议（Axelar、CCIP、Hyperlane、LayerZero、Relay和Wormhole）在2025年1月至10月期间收集的约2500万个主网跨链交易事件。由此生成的图覆盖了286个活跃区块链和11,935个直接连接的有序区块链对。这些连接提供了14.64%的直接可达性，而完全直接连接则需要81,510个点对点配置。我们提出了XIR，一个基于可验证中间表示的跨链协议互操作框架。该表示将应用程序消息绑定到经过认证的跨链协议交付的有序记录，从而在协议边界之间保留消息身份和验证历史。XIR网关和XIR适配器使用该表示将现有连接组合成同协议和跨协议的多跳路径。我们实现了一个集成Hyperlane和LayerZero的XIR原型，并在本地和公共测试网环境中进行了评估。理论分析和评估表明，在跨链协议连接配置正确的情况下，XIR避免了67,018个额外的点对点配置，相当于为服务相同可达对所需的点对点配置基线的84.88%，并将所有有序区块链对的可达性从14.64%提高到96.86%。
英文摘要
Cross-chain protocols enable applications to exchange messages across blockchains. Under point-to-point configurations, communication depends on a direct connection between the source and destination blockchains, limiting blockchain reachability and requiring additional configurations to connect more blockchains. To quantify this problem, this paper analyzes approximately 25 million mainnet cross-chain transaction events collected from six protocols (Axelar, CCIP, Hyperlane, LayerZero, Relay, and Wormhole) between January and October 2025. The resulting graph covers 286 active blockchains and 11,935 directly connected ordered blockchain pairs. These connections provide a direct reachability of 14.64%, while full direct connectivity would require 81,510 point-to-point configurations. We present XIR, a framework for interoperability across cross-chain protocols based on a verifiable intermediate representation. This representation binds an application message to an ordered record of authenticated cross-chain protocol deliveries, preserving message identity and verification history across protocol boundaries. XIR Gateways and XIR Adapters use this representation to compose existing connections into same-protocol and cross-protocol multi-hop paths. We implement an XIR prototype integrating Hyperlane and LayerZero and evaluate it in local and public-testnet environments. Theoretical analysis and evaluation show that, with correctly configured cross-chain protocol connections, XIR avoids 67,018 additional point-to-point configurations, equivalent to 84.88% of the total required by a point-to-point configuration baseline serving the same reachable pairs, and increases reachability from 14.64% to 96.86% of all ordered blockchain pairs.
发表机构
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院）
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院）
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学未来区块链与隐私计算高精尖创新中心）
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics（山东财经大学山东省区块链金融重点实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
