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arXiv 2202.02600astro-ph.HE
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2017-2019年期间通过锐利的多波长眼睛调查blazar TXS 0506+056

Investigating the blazar TXS 0506+056 through sharp multi-wavelength eyes during 2017-2019

MAGIC Collaboration, V. A. Acciari, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de … 展开作者

MAGIC Collaboration, V. A. Acciari, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, M. Artero, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, A. Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, I. Batković, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, H. Bökenkamp, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Y. Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D'Amico, V. D'Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña, A. Fattorini, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, J. G. Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, L. Heckmann, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, R. Iotov, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, I. Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, A. Mas Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, T. Nakamori, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, P. Peñil, M. Persic, M. Pihet, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, F. G. Saturni, B. Schleicher, K. Schmidt, F. Schmuckermaier, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, L. Tosti, S. Truzzi, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, S. Ventura, V. Verguilov, I. Viale, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, C. Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, D. Zarić, OVRO Collaboration, :, M. Hodges, T. Hovatta, S. Kiehlmann, I. Liodakis, W. Max-Moerbeck, T. J. Pearson, A. C. S. Readhead, R. A. Reeves, Metsähovi Collaboration, :, A. Lähteenmaäki, M. Tornikoski, J. Tammi, F. D'Ammando, A. Marchini

摘要:

耀变体TXS 0506+056在2017年9月成为天体物理学界的焦点,当时IceCube(IceCube-170922 A)检测到的高能中微子在3 $σ$水平与来自该源的$γ$射线耀斑相关联。这种多信使光子-中微子关联仍然是迄今为止观测到的最重要的关联。TXS 0506+056在IceCube-170922 A事件之前是一个缺乏研究的对象。为了更好地表征其宽带发射,我们组织了一次持续16个月(2017年11月至2019年2月)的多波长活动,涵盖无线电波段(Metsähovi,OVRO),光学/紫外(ASAS-SN,KVA,REM,Swift/UVOT),X射线(Swift/XRT,NuSTAR),高能$γ$射线(Fermi/LAT)和甚高能量(VHE)$γ$射线(MAGIC)。在$γ$射线中,源的行为与2017年的显著不同:MAGIC观测显示2018年12月期间存在耀斑活动,而源在活动的其余部分仅显示4 $σ$水平的过量费米/LAT观测显示了几个短的(几天到几周的时间尺度)耀斑,与2017年的长期增亮不同。在较低的能量下没有发现明显的耀斑。射电光变曲线显示了一个不断增加的通量趋势,这在其他波长中是看不到的。我们在一个轻强子的情况下模拟了多波长的光谱能量分布,其中强子辐射在X射线和VHE $γ$射线中表现为Bethe-Heitler和π衰变级联。根据这里提出的模型,2018年12月的$γ$射线耀斑与中微子发射有关,这种中微子发射太短暂,亮度不够,无法被当前的中微子仪器探测到。

英文摘要:

The blazar TXS 0506+056 got into the spotlight of the astrophysical community in September 2017, when a high-energy neutrino detected by IceCube (IceCube-170922A) was associated at the 3 $σ$ level to a $γ$-ray flare from this source. This multi-messenger photon-neutrino association remains, as per today, the most significant one ever observed. TXS 0506+056 was a poorly studied object before the IceCube-170922A event. To better characterize its broad-band emission, we organized a multi-wavelength campaign lasting 16 months (November 2017 to February 2019), covering the radio-band (Metsähovi, OVRO), the optical/UV (ASAS-SN, KVA, REM, Swift/UVOT), the X-rays (Swift/XRT, NuSTAR), the high-energy $γ$ rays (Fermi/LAT) and the very-high-energy (VHE) $γ$ rays (MAGIC). In $γ$ rays, the behaviour of the source was significantly different from the 2017 one: MAGIC observations show the presence of flaring activity during December 2018, while the source only shows an excess at the 4$σ$ level during the rest of the campaign (74 hours of accumulated exposure); Fermi/LAT observations show several short (days-to-week timescale) flares, different from the long-term brightening of 2017. No significant flares are detected at lower energies. The radio light curve shows an increasing flux trend, not seen in other wavelengths. We model the multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions in a lepto-hadronic scenario, in which the hadronic emission emerges as Bethe-Heitler and pion-decay cascade in the X-rays and VHE $γ$ rays. According to the model presented here, the December 2018 $γ$-ray flare was connected to a neutrino emission that was too brief and not bright enough to be detected by current neutrino instruments.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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