arXiv 2201.109002022-01astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA

星系团环境中超大质量黑洞的引力透镜效应

Gravitational lensing effects of supermassive black holes in cluster environments

Guillaume Mahler, Priyamvada Natarajan, Mathilde Jauzac, Johan Richard

备注：: 12 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS. For associated online animation, see https://sites.google.com/view/guillaume-mahler-astronomer/paper-animation
DOI：: 10.1093/mnras/stac3098

摘要：

本研究探讨星系团中超大质量黑洞的引力透镜效应。虽然在星系中存在中央SMBH是确定的，但最近的高分辨率模拟工作预测存在额外的流浪SMBH人口。虽然这些SMBH的质量对星系团中较大尺度和单个星系尺度的暗物质成分来说是一个微小的扰动，但它们会影响统计透镜特性和单个透镜图像配置。探测这些潜在的可观察到的签名，我们发现，SMBHs的印记可检测的签名在罕见的，高阶强透镜图像配置，虽然他们没有表现出任何统计学上显着的可检测的证据，无论是放大率分布或集成的剪切剖面。调查特定的透镜图像的几何形状，我们报告说，一个大规模的，近点状的，潜在的SMBH导致以下可检测的影响：（一）图像分裂，导致产生额外的图像;（二）位置和放大倍数不对称的多重成像系统;和（iii）明显消失的透镜反像。其中，星团切向临界曲线内的图像分裂是最普遍的显著观测特征。我们证明了这些可能性在两种情况下观察到的巨大的弧在$SGAS\,J003341.5+024217$和$RX\,J1347.5-1145$，其中看到的特定图像配置可以复制SMBH。未来的高分辨率仪器观测（例如MAVIS-超大望远镜，MICADO-超大望远镜和升级的ngVLA，以及来自\textit{Euclid} \& \textit{Nancy Grace Roman}空间望远镜和鲁宾LSST天文台的数据可能使我们能够探测这些独特而罕见的SMBHs透镜特征。

英文摘要：

This study explores the gravitational lensing effects of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxy clusters. While the presence of central SMBHs in galaxies is firmly established, recent work from high-resolution simulations predict the existence of an additional population of wandering SMBHs. Though the masses of these SMBHs are a minor perturbation on the larger scale and individual galaxy scale dark matter components in the cluster, they can impact statistical lensing properties and individual lensed image configurations. Probing for these potentially observable signatures, we find that SMBHs imprint detectable signatures in rare, higher-order strong lensing image configurations although they do not manifest any statistically significant detectable evidence in either the magnification distribution or the integrated shear profile. Investigating specific lensed image geometries, we report that a massive, near point-like, potential of an SMBH causes the following detectable effects: (i) image splitting leading to the generation of extra images; (ii) positional and magnification asymmetries in multiply imaged systems; and (iii) the apparent disappearance of a lensed counter-image. Of these, image splitting inside the cluster tangential critical curve, is the most prevalent notable observational signature. We demonstrate these possibilities in two cases of observed giant arcs in $SGAS\,J003341.5+024217$ and $RX\,J1347.5-1145$, wherein specific image configurations seen can be reproduced with SMBHs. Future observations with high-resolution instrumentation (e.g. MAVIS-Very Large Telescope, MICADO-Extremely Large Telescope, and the upgraded ngVLA, along with data from the \textit{Euclid} \& \textit{Nancy Grace Roman} Space Telescopes and the Rubin LSST Observatory are likely to allow us to probe these unique yet rare SMBHs lensing signatures.

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