arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2006.16263astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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等离子体透镜与引力透镜的比较--形式主义和简并性

Plasma lensing in comparison to gravitational lensing -- Formalism and degeneracies

Jenny Wagner, Xinzhong Er

摘要:

引力透镜和等离子体透镜在几何光学的极限下具有相同的数学形式。这两种现象都可以有效地描述了一个投影,二维偏转电位的梯度导致一个单一的,薄透镜平面的瞬时光偏转。我们强调的时间延迟和透镜方程的差异,因为等离子体透镜是由一个潜在的直接成比例的偏转电子数密度和引力透镜是由一个潜在的相关的偏转质量密度的泊松方程。由于我们把等离子体和引力透镜看作薄屏有效理论,它们的简并都是由偏转物体的未知分布引起的。推导了等离子体透镜的形式主义内禀简并,发现它们与引力透镜中的简并类似。为了打破简并,星系和星系团尺度的强引力透镜必须依赖于额外的假设或补充观测。物理上现实的假设,以达到自洽透镜和源重建可以提供模拟和分析有效的理论。在等离子体透镜中,对偏转电子密度分布的更深入理解仍在发展中,因此基于模型的全面透镜重建尚不可能。然而,我们表明,瞬态透镜和多波长观测有助于打破所产生的简并。我们的结论是,发展一个基于观测的推断本地透镜性能目前似乎是最好的方式,以进一步探测等离子体电子密度的形态。由于更简单的证据为基础的破坏的透镜退化,我们期望获得更严格的约束,局部等离子体电子密度比引力偏转群众。

英文摘要:

Gravitational and plasma lensing share the same mathematical formalism in the limit of geometrical optics. Both phenomena can be effectively described by a projected, two-dimensional deflection potential whose gradient causes an instantaneous light deflection in a single, thin lens plane. We highlight the differences in the time-delay and lensing equations that occur because plasma lensing is caused by a potential directly proportional to the deflecting electron number density and gravitational lensing is caused by a potential related to the deflecting mass density by a Poisson equation. Since we treat plasma and gravitational lensing as thin-screen effective theories, their degeneracies are both caused by the unknown distribution of deflecting objects. Deriving the formalism-intrinsic degeneracies for plasma lensing, we find that they are analogous to those occurring in gravitational lensing. To break the degeneracies, galaxies and galaxy-cluster scale strong gravitational lenses must rely on additional assumptions or complementary observations. Physically realistic assumptions to arrive at self-consistent lens and source reconstructions can be provided by simulations and analytical effective theories. In plasma lensing, a deeper understanding of the deflecting electron density distributions is still under development, so that a model-based comprehensive lens reconstruction is not yet possible. However, we show that transient lenses and multi-wavelength observations help to break the arising degeneracies. We conclude that the development of an observation-based inference of local lens properties seems currently the best way to further probe the morphologies of plasma electron densities. Due to the simpler evidence-based breaking of the lensing degeneracies, we expect to obtain tighter constraints on the local plasma electron densities than on the gravitationally deflecting masses.

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