Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo could observe the first lensed gravitational waves in the coming years, while the future Einstein Telescope could observe hundreds of lensed events. Ground-based gravitational-wave detectors can resolve arrival time differences of the order of the inverse of the observed frequencies. As LIGO/Virgo frequency band spans from a few $\rm Hz$ to a few $ \rm kHz$, the typical time resolution of current interferometers is of the order of milliseconds. When microlenses are embedded in galaxies or galaxy clusters, lensing can become more prominent and result in observable time delays at LIGO/Virgo frequencies. Therefore, gravitational waves could offer an exciting alternative probe of microlensing. However, currently, only a few lensing configurations have been worked out in the context of gravitational-wave lensing. In this paper, we present lensingGW, a Python package designed to handle both strong and microlensing of compact binaries and the related gravitational-wave signals. This synergy paves the way for systematic parameter space investigations and the detection of arbitrary lens configurations and compact sources. We demonstrate the working mechanism of lensingGW and its use to study microlenses embedded in galaxies.
cloelike: A Python Library for Cosmological Likelihood Inference in the Euclid Era
Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢天体物理中心，滑铁卢大学）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿天文台，莱顿大学）；Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire（天体物理学研究中心，赫特福德大学）；Scientific Information, German Aerospace Center (DLR)（科学信息部，德国航空航天中心）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所 - 的里雅斯特天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所 - 布雷拉天文台）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所）；INAF - IASF Milano（意大利国家天体物理研究所 - 米兰天体物理研究所）；Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), Ruhr University Bochum（天文研究所，鲁尔大学波鸿分校）；Department of Physics, University of Oxford（物理系，牛津大学）；Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano（物理系，米兰大学）；IRAP, Université de Toulouse（天体物理研究所，图卢兹大学）；Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（罗马天文台）；Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London（穆拉德太空科学实验室，伦敦大学学院）；Software Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚空间研究研究所）
The shape of relaxed galaxy clusters and the public release of a HST shape measurement code, pyRRG
我们研究了八个动态松弛的星系团的形状与哈勃太空望远镜和钱德拉X射线天文台观测。利用强、弱引力透镜、布里渊星系团的形状和X射线等照度线，研究了四种不同半径的星系团晕的椭圆率。我们发现，代理探测的内部区域的集群是强烈耦合的BCG形状与预测的形状由强引力透镜和X射线等照度线。相反，我们发现没有这样的形状之间的相关性预测的弱透镜和其他三个探针之间的任何耦合的内部和外部区域是弱的。我们还在本文中公开发布了HST弱透镜形状测量代码pyRRG，可直接从PyPi（https：//pypi.org/project/pyRRG/）获得。这段基于Rhodes et al.（2000）的python3.7代码采用了一个基于随机森林的自动化恒星-星系分类器，并输出了科学上有用的产品，例如适用于质量映射算法Lentool的弱透镜星表。
Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses VIII. automated multi-band feature detection to constrain local lens properties
Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, CNRS and Université de Montpellier (UMR-5299)（蒙彼利埃宇宙与粒子实验室，法国国家科学研究中心和蒙彼利埃大学（UMR-5299））；Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics（卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所）；Independent University, Bangladesh（孟加拉独立大学）；University of Illinois（伊利诺伊大学）
A halo model approach for mock catalogs of time-variable strong gravitational lenses
Chiba University（千叶大学）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（SLAC国家加速器实验室）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（大学间天文学与天体物理中心）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI)（宇宙物理学与数学卡弗里研究所（WPI））
