The sharp ALMA view of infall and outflow in the massive protocluster G31.41+0.31
M. T. Beltrán, V. M. Rivilla, R. Cesaroni, D. Galli, L. Moscadelli, A. Ahmadi, H. Beuther, S. Etoka, C. Goddi, P. D. Klaassen, R. Kuiper, M. S. N. Kumar, A. Lor… 展开作者
M. T. Beltrán, V. M. Rivilla, R. Cesaroni, D. Galli, L. Moscadelli, A. Ahmadi, H. Beuther, S. Etoka, C. Goddi, P. D. Klaassen, R. Kuiper, M. S. N. Kumar, A. Lorenzani, T. Peters, Á. Sánchez-Monge, P. Schilke, F. van der Tak, S. Vig
Context. To better understand the formation of high-mass stars, it is fundamental to investigate how matter accretes onto young massive stars, how it is ejected, and how all this differs from the low-mass case. The massive protocluster G31.41+0.31 is the ideal target to study all these processes because observations at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths have resolved the emission of the Main core into at least four massive dust continuum sources, named A, B, C, and D, within 1" or 0.018 pc, and have identified signatures of infall and several outflows associated with the core. Aims. We study the interplay between infall and outflow in G31.41+0.31 by investigating at a spatial resolution of a few 100 au their properties and their possible impact on the core. Methods. We carried out molecular line observations of typical high-density tracers, such as CH3CN or H2CO, and shock and outflow tracers, such as SiO, with ALMA at 1.4 mm that achieved an angular resolution of 0.09" (340 au). Results. The observations have revealed inverse P-Cygni profiles in CH3CN and H2CO toward the four sources embedded in the Main core, suggesting that all of them are undergoing collapse. The infall rates, estimated from the red-shifted absorption are on the order of 1E-2 Msun/yr. The individual infall rates imply that the accretion timescale of the Main core is an order of magnitude smaller than its rotation timescale. This confirms that rotating toroids such as the G31 Main core are non-equilibrium, transient collapsing structures that need to be constantly replenished with fresh material from a large-scale reservoir. For sources B, C, and D, the infall could be accelerating inside the sources, while for source A, the presence of a second emission component complicates the interpretation. The SiO observations have revealed the presence of at least six outflows in the G31.41+0.31 star-forming region, ...
JWST reveals extended stellar disks for ALMA-bright dusty star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉各拉纳大学）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)（综合研究大学院大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）
A Possible Protocluster of Galaxies Serendipitously Discovered in the Field of an Intermediate-Redshift Post-starburst Galaxy
Texas A&M University（德州农工大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）
Probing Star-Forming Properties via ALMA Observations of Massive Protocluster IRAS 15596-5301
Kunming University of Science and Technology（昆明理工大学）；Chuxiong Normal University（楚雄师范学院）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学无线电天文学与天体物理研究所）；Yunnan University（云南大学）；Anqing Normal University（安庆师范大学）；Peking University（北京大学）
Tracking Protostellar Variability in Massive Protoclusters with ALMA: I. Insights from QUARKS and MaMMOtH
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；State Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台射电天文学与技术国家重点实验室）；Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所）；NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics（加拿国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天体物理学研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria（维多利亚大学物理与天文系）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学卡尔·萨根天文与天体物理研究所）；Department of Astronomy, Peking University（北京大学天文系）
An ALMA study of the massive molecular clump N159W-North in the Large Magellanic Cloud: A possible gas flow penetrating one of the most massive protocluster systems in the Local Group
A nine-member protostellar system forming via filament fragmentation in the high mass protocluster NGC 6334-43
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学学院）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（国家射电天文台）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Aberystwyth University（阿伯里斯特威斯大学）
The ALMA Survey of 70 $μ\rm m$ Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). II: Molecular Outflows in the Extreme Early Stages of Protocluster Formation
The ALMA Survey of Star Formation and Evolution in Massive Protoclusters with Blue Profiles (ASSEMBLE): Core Growth, Cluster Contraction, and Primordial Mass Segregation
ALMA Imaging of Gas and Dust in a Galaxy Protocluster at Redshift 5.3: [CII] Emission in "Typical" Galaxies and Dusty Starbursts ~1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XII: Fragmentation and multi-scale gas kinematics in protoclusters G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53
The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: Properties of Hot Molecular Fragments in the Massive Protocluster IRAS 17233-3606
Yunnan University（云南大学）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）
The ALMA EGO-10 Survey of Massive Protoclusters: Correlation of 1.3 mm Continuum Source Clustering with Evolutionary State
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学学院）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（国家射电天文台）；INAF-IAPS（意大利国家天体物理研究所天体物理与行星科学研究所）；University of Arizona Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory（亚利桑那大学天文学系和斯图尔德天文台）；Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系）
ATOMS-QUARKS survey: Inflow and infall in massive protocluster G318.049+00.086: Evidence of competitive accretion
Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）；Pondicherry University（本地治里大学）；S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences（S.N. 玻色基础科学国家中心）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文与空间科学研究所）；University of Science and Technology（科学技术大学）；Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, CAS（中国科学院国家天文台南美天文中心）
Discovery of a Compact Hub-Filament System in G286.21+0.17 with JWST and ALMA: Insights into Protocluster Formation and Competitive Accretion
Peking University（北京大学）；National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand（泰国国家天文研究所）；Gifu University（岐阜大学）；Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar（甘地纳加尔印度理工学院）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文学与宇宙科学研究所）；University of Science and Technology, Korea (UST)（韩国科学技术院）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Nazarbayev University（纳扎尔巴耶夫大学）
The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: Evidence of an Explosive Molecular Outflow in IRAS 15520--5234
S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences（S. N. 玻色基础科学国家中心）；Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (CCT-La Plata, CONICET, UNLP, CICPBA)（阿根廷射电天文研究所）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, CAS（中国科学院国家天文台南美天文中心）；Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile（智利大学天文学系）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）
