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arXiv 2609.20560astro-ph.GA

模拟星系团原星系群内落区中的星系团内光

Intracluster light in the infall region of simulated protoclusters of galaxies

  • Durham University(杜伦大学)
  • Univ Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRAP(图卢兹大学,法国国家太空研究中心,法国国家科学研究中心,天体物理研究研究所)
  • University of KwaZulu-Natal(夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学)
  • Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)(空间科学研究所(ICE,CSIC))
  • Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所)
  • STAR Institute(STAR研究所)
  • Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学,法国国家科学研究中心,格勒诺布尔理工学院,LPSC-IN2P3)
  • Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía–CSIC(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所-CSIC)
  • Observatório Nacional(国家天文台)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

S. V. Werner, M. Jauzac, M. Montes, D. Rennehan, G. Mahler, A. Niemiec, Y. Jiménez-Teja

中文总结 AI 辅助

本研究通过TNG-Cluster和Manhattan Suite模拟分析原星系群内落区的星系团内光,发现其形成于2<z<4,峰值在3<z<4,且多数ICL恒星在z=2时形成于内落区,强调了研究外部弥散光对理解星系团组装的重要性。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

星系团内光(ICL)是星系团中的一种弥散恒星成分,由遵循星系团势场的恒星组成。尽管ICL有潜力揭示星系团的吸积历史,但在模拟和观测中,原星系群中的ICL仍然知之甚少。我们分析了TNG-Cluster和Manhattan Suite模拟中的原星系群,以研究ICL何时形成、其宿主前身星系以及形成环境。我们发现,在2<z<4的原星系群内落区中存在大量的ICL,其恒星质量范围为$\rm 0.1\times10^{11}$<$M_{*}/M_{\odot}$<$3\times10^{11}$。原星系群中ICL恒星形成在3<z<4时达到峰值,主晕中形成的恒星早于内落区中形成的恒星。我们发现,TNG-Cluster中$74.2_{-1.7}^{+1.7}\\%$的ICL恒星和Manhattan Suite中$69.2_{-3.7}^{+3.6}\\%$的ICL恒星是从主晕内的星系中剥离出来的。然而,在z=2时,原星系群中的大多数ICL恒星形成于内落区,在TNG-Cluster和Manhattan Suite中分别占$57.6_{-1.6}^{+1.7}\\%$和$55.6_{-2.3}^{+2.3}\\%$。到ICL恒星被剥离时,其宿主星系的质量是恒星最初形成所在星系的3-4倍,这意味着前身星系的增长和/或恒星在剥离前被吸积到更庞大的星系上。模拟中测得的ICL恒星质量与z$\leq$2时的观测结果一致。我们的发现强调了研究原星系群外部区域弥散光的重要性,以约束ICL和星系团的形成与组装。

英文摘要

Intracluster light (ICL) is a diffuse stellar component in galaxy clusters, made of stars following the potential of the cluster. Despite its potential to unveil the accretion history of clusters, the ICL in protoclusters remains poorly understood in simulations and observations. We analyse protoclusters in TNG-Cluster and Manhattan Suite simulations to investigate when ICL forms, its host progenitors, and environments where it forms. We find a considerable amount of ICL in the infall region of protoclusters at 2<z<4, ranging from $\rm 0.1\times10^{11}$<$M_{*}/M_{\odot}$<$3\times10^{11}$. ICL star formation in protoclusters peaks at 3<z<4, with stars formed in the main halo forming earlier than those born in the infall regions. We find that $74.2_{-1.7}^{+1.7}\%$ of ICL stars in TNG-Cluster and $69.2_{-3.7}^{+3.6}\%$ in Manhattan Suite were stripped from galaxies within the main halo. However, most ICL stars in protoclusters at z=2 formed in the infall region, accounting for $57.6_{-1.6}^{+1.7}\%$ and $55.6_{-2.3}^{+2.3}\%$ in TNG-Cluster and Manhattan Suite, respectively. By the time the ICL stars are stripped, their host galaxies are 3-4 times more massive than the galaxies in which the stars originally formed, implying growth of the progenitor galaxies and/or accretion of the stars onto more massive galaxies prior to stripping. The ICL stellar masses measured in simulations agree with observations at z$\leq$2. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the diffuse light in the outer regions of protoclusters to constrain the formation and assembly of the ICL and galaxy clusters.

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