Given a finite transitive group $G\leq \operatorname{Sym}(Ω)$, a subset $\mathcal{F}$ of $G$ is \emph{intersecting} if any two elements of $\mathcal{F}$ agree on some element of $Ω$. The \emph{intersection density} of $G$, denoted by $ρ(G)$, is the maximum of the rational number $|\mathcal{F}|\left(\frac{|G|}{|Ω|}\right)^{-1}$ when $\mathcal{F}$ runs through all intersecting sets in $G$. In this paper, we prove that if $G$ is the group $\operatorname{Sym}(n)$ or $\operatorname{Alt}(n)$ acting on the $k$-subsets of $\{1,2,3\ldots,n\}$, for $k\in \{3,4,5\}$, then $ρ(G)=1$. Our proof relies on the representation theory of the symmetric group and the ratio bound.
If ${\cal H}=(V,{\cal E})$ is a hypergraph, its edge intersection hypergraph $EI({\cal H})=(V,{\cal E}^{EI})$ has the edge set ${\cal E}^{EI}=\{e_1 \cap e_2 \ |\ e_1, e_2 \in {\cal E} \ \wedge \ e_1 \neq e_2 \ \wedge \ |e_1 \cap e_2 |\geq2\}$. Using the so-called clique-fusion, we show that nearly all cacti are edge intersection hypergraphs of 3-uniform hypergraphs. In the proof we make use of known characterizations of the trees and the cycles which are edge intersection hypergraphs of 3-uniform hypergraphs (see arXiv:1901.06292).
If ${\cal H}=(V,{\cal E})$ is a hypergraph, its edge intersection hypergraph $EI({\cal H})=(V,{\cal E}^{EI})$ has the edge set ${\cal E}^{EI}=\{e_1 \cap e_2 \ |\ e_1, e_2 \in {\cal E} \ \wedge \ e_1 \neq e_2 \ \wedge \ |e_1 \cap e_2 |\geq 2\}$. In the present paper, we consider 4- and 5-uniform hypergraphs ${\cal H}$, respectively, with $EI({\cal H}) = C_n$. Our results fill the gap between the 3- and the 6-uniform case considered in arXiv:1902.00396.
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of subsets of $[n]=\{1,\ldots,n\}$ and let $L$ be a set of nonnegative integers. The family $\mathcal{F}$ is \emph{$L$-intersecting} if $|F\cap F'|\in L$ for every two distinct members $F,F'\in\mathcal{F}$; and $\mathcal{F}$ is $k$-uniform if all its members have the same size $k$. A large variety of problems and results in extremal set theory concern on $k$-uniform $L$-intersecting families. Many attentions are paid to finding the maximum size of a family among all $k$-uniform $L$-intersecting families with prescribed $n,k$ and $L$. In this paper, from another po…
Let $ E $ be a possibly infinite set and let $ M $ and $ N $ be matroids defined on $ E $. We say that the pair $ \{ M,N \} $ has the Intersection property if $ M $ and $ N $ share an independent set $ I $ admitting a bipartition $ I_M\sqcup I_N $ such that $ \mathsf{span}_M(I_M)\cup \mathsf{span}_N(I_N)=E $. The Matroid Intersection Conjecture of Nash-Williams says that every matroid pair has the Intersection property. The conjecture is known and easy to prove in the case when one of the matroids is uniform and it was shown by Bowler and Carmesin that the conjecture is implied by its special …
A \emph{uniform random intersection graph} $G(n,m,k)$ is a random graph constructed as follows. Label each of $n$ nodes by a randomly chosen set of $k$ distinct colours taken from some finite set of possible colours of size $m$. Nodes are joined by an edge if and only if some colour appears in both their labels. These graphs arise in the study of the security of wireless sensor networks. Such graphs arise in particular when modelling the network graph of the well known key predistribution technique due to Eschenauer and Gligor. The paper determines the threshold for connectivity of the graph $…
Two elements $g$ and $h$ of a permutation group $G$ acting on a set $V$ are said to be intersecting if $g(v) = h(v)$ for some $v \in V$. More generally, a subset ${\cal F}$ of $G$ is an intersecting set if every pair of elements of ${\cal F}$ is intersecting. The intersection density $ρ(G)$ of a transitive permutation group $G$ is the maximum value of the quotient $|{\cal F}|/|G_v|$ where ${\cal F}$ runs over all intersecting sets in $G$ and $G_v$ is a stabilizer of $v\in V$. In this paper the intersection density of transitive groups of degree twice a prime is determined, and proved to be eit…
Given two weighted k-uniform hypergraphs G, H of order n, how much (or little) can we make them overlap by placing them on the same vertex set? If we place them at random, how concentrated is the distribution of the intersection? The aim of this paper is to investigate these questions.
Although intersection homology lacks a ring structure, certain expressions (called uniform) in the intersection homology of an irreducible projective variety $X$ always give the same value, when computed via the decomposition theorem on any resolution $X_r\to X$. This paper uses uniform (and non-uniform) expressions to define what is believed to be the usual intersection homology (and its local-global variant) of a convex polytope (or a projective toric variety). Such expressions are generated by the facets, and so may lead to necessary numerical conditions on the flag vector. Most of the conc…
On uniform large genus asymptotics of Witten's intersection numbers
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Max Planck Institute for Mathematics（马克斯·普朗克数学研究所）；International Centre for Theoretical Physics（国际理论物理中心）
For a permutation group $G$ acting on a set $V$, a subset $\mathcal{F}$ of $G$ is said to be an intersecting set if for every pair of elements $g,h\in \mathcal{F}$ there exists $v \in V$ such that $g(v) = h(v)$. The intersection density $ρ(G)$ of a transitive permutation group $G$ is the maximum value of the quotient $|\mathcal{F}|/|G_v|$ where $G_v$ is a stabilizer of a point $v\in V$ and $\mathcal{F}$ runs over all intersecting sets in $G$. If $G_v$ is a largest intersecting set in $G$ then $G$ is said to have the Erdős-Ko-Rado (EKR)-property. This paper is devoted to the study of transitive…
Two elements $g$ and $h$ of a permutation group $G$ acting on a set $V$ are said to be intersecting if $g(v) = h(v)$ for some $v \in V$. More generally, a subset ${\cal F}$ of $G$ is an intersecting set if every pair of elements of ${\cal F}$ is intersecting. The intersection density $ρ(G)$ of a transitive permutation group $G$ is the maximum value of the quotient $|{\cal F}|/|G_v|$ where $G_v$ is a stabilizer of $v\in V$ and ${\cal F}$ runs over all intersecting sets in $G$. Intersection densities of transitive groups of degree $pq$, where $p>q$ are odd primes, is considered. In particular, t…
It is well known that the set of possible degree sequences for a graph on $n$ vertices is the intersection of a lattice and a convex polytope. We show that the set of possible degree sequences for a $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices is not the intersection of a lattice and a convex polytope for $k \geq 3$ and $n \geq k+13$. We also show an analogous nonconvexity result for the set of degree sequences of $k$-partite $k$-uniform hypergraphs and the generalized notion of $λ$-balanced $k$-uniform hypergraphs.
This paper generalizes Bass' work on zeta functions for uniform tree lattices. Using the theory of von Neumann algebras, machinery is developed to define the zeta function of a discrete group of automorphisms of a bounded degree tree. The main theorems relate the zeta function to determinants of operators defined on edges or vertices of the tree. A zeta function associated to a non-uniform tree lattice with appropriate Hilbert representation is defined. Zeta functions are defined for infinite graphs with a cocompact or finite covolume group action.
For a hypergraph $H$, define its intersection spectrum $I(H)$ as the set of all intersection sizes $|E\cap F|$ of distinct edges $E,F\in E(H)$. In their seminal paper from 1973 which introduced the local lemma, Erdős and Lovász asked: how large must the intersection spectrum of a $k$-uniform $3$-chromatic intersecting hypergraph be? They showed that such a hypergraph must have at least three intersection sizes, and conjectured that the size of the intersection spectrum tends to infinity with $k$. Despite the problem being reiterated several times over the years by Erdős and other researchers, …
Given integers $r\geq 2$ and $n,t\geq 1$ we call families $\mathcal{F}_1,\dots,\mathcal{F}_r\subseteq\mathscr{P}([n])$ $r$-cross $t$-intersecting if for all $F_i\in\mathcal{F}_i$, $i\in[r]$, we have $\vert\bigcap_{i\in[r]}F_i\vert\geq t$. We obtain a strong generalisation of the classic Hilton-Milner theorem on cross intersecting families. In particular, we determine the maximum of $\sum_{j\in [r]}\vert\mathcal{F}_j\vert$ for $r$-cross $t$-intersecting families in the cases when these are $k$-uniform families or arbitrary subfamilies of $\mathscr{P}([n])$. Only some special cases of these resu…
We present a semidefinite programming approach to bound the measures of cross-independent pairs in a bipartite graph. This can be viewed as a far-reaching extension of Hoffman's ratio bound on the independence number of a graph. As an application, we solve a problem on the maximum measures of cross-intersecting families of subsets with two different product measures, which is a generalized measure version of the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem for cross-intersecting families with different uniformities.
A collection of distinct sets is called a sunflower if the intersection of any pair of sets equals the common intersection of all the sets. Sunflowers are fundamental objects in extremal set theory with relations and applications to many other areas of mathematics as well as theoretical computer science. A central problem in the area due to Erdős and Rado from 1960 asks for the minimum number of sets of size $r$ needed to guarantee the existence of a sunflower of a given size. Despite a lot of recent attention including a polymath project and some amazing breakthroughs, even the asymptotic ans…
A family of sets is said to be intersecting if every pair of sets in the family have non-empty intersection. In this paper, we initiate the study of intersecting non-uniform families of sets of one of two sizes containing given subfamilies. For a set $X$ and integer $r$, let $\binom{X}{r}$ denote the family $\{A \subseteq X: |X| = r\}$. Let $a$, $b$, and $n$ be positive integers such that $a < b$. We determine the maximum size of an intersecting family in $\binom{[n]}{a} \cup \binom{[2n]}{b}$ whenever $n > b$. For $n$ sufficiently large, we also determine the maximum size of an intersecting fa…
Random $s$-intersection graphs have recently received much interest in a wide range of application areas. Broadly speaking, a random $s$-intersection graph is constructed by first assigning each vertex a set of items in some random manner, and then putting an undirected edge between all pairs of vertices that share at least $s$ items (the graph is called a random intersection graph when $s=1$). A special case of particular interest is a uniform random $s$-intersection graph, where each vertex independently selects the same number of items uniformly at random from a common item pool. Another im…
Let $A_{k,t}$ be the matrix that represents the adjacency matrix of the intersection bipartite graph of all subsets of size $t$ of $\{1,2,...,k\}$. We give constructions of large isolation sets in $A_{k,t}$, where, for a large enough $k$, our constructions are the best possible. We first prove that the largest identity submatrix in $A_{k,t}$ is of size $k-2t+2$. Then we provide constructions of isolations sets in $A_{k,t}$ for any $t\geq 2$, as follows: \begin{itemize} \item If $k = 2t+r$ and $0 \leq r \leq 2t-3$, there exists an isolation set of size $2r+3 = 2k-4t+3$. \item If $k \geq 4t-3$, …
We compute the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial of the uniform matroid of rank n-1 on n elements by proving that the i-th coefficient of is equal to the number of ways to choose i non-intersecting chords in an (n-i+1)-gon. We also show that the corresponding intersection cohomology group is isomorphic to the irreducible representation of the symmetric group associated to the partition [n-2i,2,...,2].
Uniform random intersection graphs have received much interest and been used in diverse applications. A uniform random intersection graph with $n$ nodes is constructed as follows: each node selects a set of $K_n$ different items uniformly at random from the same pool of $P_n$ distinct items, and two nodes establish an undirected edge in between if and only if they share at least one item. For such graph denoted by $G(n, K_n, P_n)$, we present the following results in this paper. First, we provide an exact analysis on the probabilities of $G(n, K_n, P_n)$ having a perfect matching and having a …
