Nodal compact $Q$-ball/$Q$-shell in the $\mathbb{C}P^N$ nonlinear sigma model

Sigma Model Q-balls and Q-Stars

A new kind of Q-balls is found: Q-balls in a non-linear sigma model. Their main properties are presented together with those of their self-gravitating generalization, sigma model Q-stars. A simple special limit of solutions which are bound by gravity alone (``sigma stars'') is also discussed briefly. The analysis is based on calculating the mass, global U(1) charge and binding energy for families of solutions parameterized by the central value of the scalar field. Two kinds (differing by the potential term) of the new sigma model Q-balls and Q-stars are analyzed. They are found to share some c…

Gravitating compact $Q$-ball and $Q$-shell solutions in the $\mathbb{C}P^N$ nonlinear sigma model

We study compact gravitating $Q$-ball, $Q$-shell solutions in a sigma model with the target space $\mathbb{C}P^N$. Models with odd integer $N$ and suitable potential can be parameterized by $N$-th complex scalar fields and they support compact solutions. A coupling with gravity allows for harboring of the Schwarzschild black holes for the $Q$-shell solutions. The energy of the solutions behaves as $E\sim |Q|^{5/6}$, where $Q$ stands for the $U(1)$ Noether charge, for both the gravitating and the black hole solutions.Notable difference from the solutions of the flat space is that upper bound of…

形变$O(4)$线性σ模型中的Q球族

Families of Q-balls in a deformed $O(4)$ linear sigma model

该研究探讨(1+1)维形变O(4)σ模型中的Q球解析解，发现两类单Q球与单参数复合Q球族，明确了复合Q球的构成与间距特性。

具有Q-ball/Q-kink解的非线性Sigma模型的几何构造

Geometric Construction of non-linear Sigma models with Q-ball/Q-kink solutions

本文用几何方法研究U(1)对称的非线性Sigma模型，识别出Q-ball和Q-Kink解存在的度量和势能条件，并发现两类解可共存，仅由内部旋转频率区分。

Chiral Magnetic Effect from Q-balls

We apply a generic framework of linear sigma models for revealing a mechanism of the mysterious phenomenon, the chiral magnetic effect, in quark-gluon plasma. An electric current arises along a background magnetic field, which is given rise to by Q-balls (non-topological solitons) of the linear sigma model with axial anomaly. We find additional alternating current due to quark mass terms. The hadronic Q-balls, baby boson stars, may be created in heavy-ion collisions.

变形 $O(2N+1)$ 线性 sigma 模型中复合 kink/$Q$-balls 解的稳定性与衰变

Stability and decay of composite kinks/$Q$-balls solutions in a deformed $O(2N+1)$ linear sigma model

该论文解析求解了变形 $O(2N+1)$ 线性 sigma 模型在 $N=2$ 时的缺陷型解，分为简单解与复合解，并分析了其线性稳定性与衰变通道。