西格玛模型Q球和Q星
Sigma Model Q-balls and Q-Stars
摘要：
发现了一类新的Q球：非线性西格玛模型中的Q球。给出了它们的主要性质以及它们的自引力推广西格玛模型Q星的性质。还简要讨论了仅由引力约束的解的一个简单的特殊极限（"sigma stars“）。该分析是基于计算的质量，整体U（1）的电荷和结合能的家庭的解决方案参数化的中心值的标量场。分析了两种不同的新西格玛模型Q球和Q星。发现它们有一些共同的特征，但在其他方面有所不同，如它们对弱中心标量场的性质强烈依赖于势项的形式。它们也与它们的“普通”对应物进行了比较，虽然在某些方面相似，但发现了显着的差异，如中心标量场上界的存在。西格玛模型Q星也包含非孤子解，讨论了它们与西格马星解的关系.
英文摘要：
A new kind of Q-balls is found: Q-balls in a non-linear sigma model. Their main properties are presented together with those of their self-gravitating generalization, sigma model Q-stars. A simple special limit of solutions which are bound by gravity alone (``sigma stars'') is also discussed briefly. The analysis is based on calculating the mass, global U(1) charge and binding energy for families of solutions parameterized by the central value of the scalar field. Two kinds (differing by the potential term) of the new sigma model Q-balls and Q-stars are analyzed. They are found to share some characteristics while differing in other respects like their properties for weak central scalar fields which depend strongly on the form of the potential term. They are also compared with their ``ordinary'' counterparts and although similar in some respects, significant differences are found like the existence of an upper bound on the central scalar field. The sigma model Q-stars also contain non-solitonic solutions whose relation with sigma star solutions is discussed.
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