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arXiv 2201.08483quant-phphysics.hist-ph
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评贝尔定理中的因果网络与选择自由

Comment on Causal Networks and Freedom of Choice in Bell's Theorem

Marian Kupczynski

摘要:

贝尔不等式只有在隐变量不依赖于实验设置时才能导出。隐变量和设置变量的随机独立性被称为:选择自由、自由意志、测量独立或无阴谋。通过将贝尔因果结构嵌入到一个更大的因果网络中,作者正确地证明了,人们可以解释和量化可能违反测量独立性,而不会引起超决定论。他们假设因果决定设置的变量的独立性,并研究它们如何与隐变量相关。使用他们的扩展的因果网络,他们推导出一个上下文概率模型,他们的进一步正确的结果是基于。作者似乎忽略了上下文概率模型可以直接使用概率的概念,并结合正确设置的因变量描述测量仪器。在这些上下文概率模型中,实验者的选择自由并没有受到损害,贝尔检验的结果(包括明显违反爱因斯坦的非信号)可以用局部因果关系的方式来解释。谈论选择自由是误导性的,根源在于对贝叶斯定理的错误理解。我们解释了为什么选择的自由应该被称为noncontextuality和为什么它的违反贝尔测试证实了只有量子可观测的上下文字符。因此,背景性而不是实验者的选择自由是量子信息的重要资源。

英文摘要:

Bell inequalities may only be derived, if hidden variables do not depend on the experimental settings. The stochastic independence of hidden and setting variables is called: freedom of choice, free will, measurement independence or no conspiracy. By imbedding the Bell causal structure in a larger causal network the authors correctly prove, that one can explain and quantify possible violation of measurement independence without evoking the super-determinism. They assume the independence of the variables that causally determine the settings and investigate how they might become correlated with hidden variables. Using their extended causal networks they derive a contextual probabilistic model on which their further correct results are based. The authors seem to ignore that contextual probabilistic model may be derived directly using only probabilistic concepts and incorporating correctly setting dependent variables describing measuring instruments. In these contextual probabilistic models experimenters freedom of choice is not compromised and the results of Bell Tests including an apparent violation of Einsteinian nonsignaling may be explained in a locally causal way. Talking about freedom of choice is misleading and is rooted in incorrect understanding of Bayes Theorem. We explain why freedom of choice should be called noncontextuality and why its violation in Bell Tests confirms only the contextual character of quantum observables. Therefore, contextuality and not experimenters freedom of choice are important resources in quantum information.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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