arXiv 2201.077852022-01-19quant-phphysics.optics

轨道Angular Momentum态在经典和量子体系中的增强探测技术

Enhanced detection techniques of Orbital Angular Momentum states in the classical and quantum regimes

Alessia Suprano, Danilo Zia, Emanuele Polino, Taira Giordani, Luca Innocenti, Mauro Paternostro, Alessandro Ferraro, Nicolò Spagnolo, Fabio Sciarrino

发表信息：: New Journal of Physics 23 073014 (2021)
DOI：: 10.1088/1367-2630/ac0c53

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摘要：

光的轨道角动量（OAM）一直是成像，信息处理和通信的几个经典和量子应用的中心。然而，OAM状态中固有的复杂结构使得它们的检测和分类在许多情况下是不平凡的。大多数当前的检测方案是基于在使用拉盖尔-高斯模式的基础上建立的OAM状态的模型。然而，这通常可能不足以捕获关于所生成的状态的全部信息。在本文中，我们超越了Laguerre-Gauss假设，并采用超几何-高斯模式作为改进模型的基本状态，该模型可以在某些情况下用于更好地定制OAM检测技术。我们表明，增强性能的OAM检测全息投影通过空间光调制器与单模光纤相结合，并基于机器学习方法的分类技术。此外，一个三倍的增强单模光纤耦合效率的全息技术，当使用超几何-高斯模型相对于拉盖尔-高斯一个。这一改进显著提高了OAM编码单光子探测系统的整体效率。鉴于大多数使用OAM状态的实验工作都是有效地基于超几何高斯模式的生成，因此我们的研究结果代表了量子通信，密码学和模拟中基于OAM的协议的实验工具箱的相关补充。

英文摘要：

The Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of light has been at the center of several classical and quantum applications for imaging, information processing and communication. However, the complex structure inherent in OAM states makes their detection and classification nontrivial in many circumstances. Most of the current detection schemes are based on models of the OAM states built upon the use of Laguerre-Gauss modes. However, this may not in general be sufficient to capture full information on the generated states. In this paper, we go beyond the Laguerre-Gauss assumption, and employ Hypergeometric-Gaussian modes as the basis states of a refined model that can be used -- in certain scenarios -- to better tailor OAM detection techniques. We show that enhanced performances in OAM detection are obtained for holographic projection via spatial light modulators in combination with single-mode fibers, and for classification techniques based on a machine learning approach. Furthermore, a three-fold enhancement in the single-mode fiber coupling efficiency is obtained for the holographic technique, when using the Hypergeometric-Gaussian model with respect to the Laguerre-Gauss one. This improvement provides a significant boost in the overall efficiency of OAM-encoded single-photon detection systems. Given that most of the experimental works using OAM states are effectively based on the generation of Hypergeometric-Gauss modes, our findings thus represent a relevant addition to experimental toolboxes for OAM-based protocols in quantum communication, cryptography and simulation.

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