Scattering and sublimation: a multi-scale view of $μ$m-sized dust in the inclined disc of HD 145718
Claire L. Davies, Evan A. Rich, Tim J. Harries, John D. Monnier, Anna S. E. Laws, Sean M. Andrews, Jaehan Bae, David J. Wilner, Narsireddy Anugu, Jacob Ennis, T… 展开作者
Claire L. Davies, Evan A. Rich, Tim J. Harries, John D. Monnier, Anna S. E. Laws, Sean M. Andrews, Jaehan Bae, David J. Wilner, Narsireddy Anugu, Jacob Ennis, Tyler Gardner, Stefan Kraus, Aaron Labdon, Jean-Baptiste le Bouquin, Cyprien Lanthermann, Gail H. Schaefer, Benjamin R. Setterholm, Theo ten Brummelaar
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18 pages, 16 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
We present multi-instrument observations of the disc around the Herbig~Ae star, HD~145718, employing geometric and Monte Carlo radiative transfer models to explore the disc orientation, the vertical and radial extent of the near infrared (NIR) scattering surface, and the properties of the dust in the disc surface and sublimation rim. The disc appears inclined at $67-71^{\circ}$, with position angle, PA\,$=-1.0-0.6^{\circ}$, consistent with previous estimates. The NIR scattering surface extends out to $\sim75\,$au and we infer an aspect ratio, $h_{\rm{scat}}(r)/r\sim0.24$ in $J$-band; $\sim0.22$ in $H$-band. Our GPI images and VLTI+CHARA NIR interferometry suggest that the disc surface layers are populated by grains $\gtrsim λ/2π$ in size, indicating these grains are aerodynamically supported against settling and/or the density of smaller grains is relatively low. We demonstrate that our geometric analysis provides a reasonable assessment of the height of the NIR scattering surface at the outer edge of the disc and, if the inclination can be independently constrained, has the potential to probe the flaring exponent of the scattering surface in similarly inclined ($i\gtrsim70^{\circ}$) discs. In re-evaluating HD~145718's stellar properties, we found that the object's dimming events - previously characterised as UX~Or and dipper variability - are consistent with dust occultation by grains larger, on average, than found in the ISM. This occulting dust likely originates close to the inferred dust sublimation radius at $0.17\,$au.
T Tauri stars are low-mass young stars whose disks provide the setting for planet formation. Despite this, their structure is poorly understood. We present new infrared interferometric observations of the SU Aurigae circumstellar environment that offer 3 x higher resolution and better baseline position angle coverage over previous observations. We investigate the characteristics of circumstellar material around SU Aur, constrain the disk geometry, composition and inner dust rim structure. The CHARA array offers opportunities for long baseline observations, with baselines up to 331 m. Using the…
The recent discovery of hot dust grains in the vicinity of main-sequence stars has become a hot issue among the scientific community of debris disks. Hot grains must have been enormously accumulated near their sublimation zones, but it is a mystery how such a high concentration of hot grains is sustained. The most difficult conundrum is that the size of hot dust grains is estimated to lie in the submicrometer range, while submicrometer-sized grains are instantly swept away from near-stellar environments by stellar radiation pressure. One and only mechanism proposed for prolonging the residence…
Modeling the curved dust sublimation front in protoplanetary disks: a potential probe of midplane turbulence
Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan（密歇根大学天文学系）；Departamento de Física, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara（瓜达拉哈拉大学CUCEI物理系）；Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学射电天文学与天体物理研究所）
The size of dust grains, $a$, is key to the physical and chemical processes in circumstellar disks, but observational constraints of grain size remain challenging. (Sub)millimeter continuum observations often show a percent-level polarization parallel to the disk minor axis, which is generally attributed to scattering by $\sim 100μ$m-sized spherical grains (with a size parameter $x \equiv 2πa / λ< 1$, where $λ$ is the wavelength). Larger spherical grains (with $x$ greater than unity) would produce opposite polarization direction. However, the inferred size is in tension with the opacity index …
JWST/MIRI Hydrocarbon and Water Absorption in the Wind of a Young Disk: Signatures of Pebble Drift and Carbon Grain Sublimation
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；University of Hawai`i at Mānoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；NSFs NOIRLab（美国国家科学基金会NOIR天文台实验室）；Vassar College（瓦萨学院）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale（空间天体物理研究所）；University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
Observations of highly inclined disks with ALMA. Results from 12CO gas and continuum observations
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；Astronomy Department, University of California Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校天文学系）；Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London（伦敦大学玛丽女王学院物理与天文学系天文学单元）；Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学天文研究所）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）
High angular resolution observations of young stellar objects are required to study the inner astronomical units of protoplanetary disks in which the majority of planets form. As they evolve, gaps open up in the inner disk regions and the disks are fully dispersed within ~10 Myrs. MWC 614 is a pre-transitional object with a ~10au radius gap. We present a set of high angular resolution observations of this object including SPHERE/ZIMPOL polarimetric and coronagraphic images in the visible, KECK/NIRC2 near-infrared aperture masking observations and VLTI (AMBER, MIDI, and PIONIER) and CHARA (CLAS…
High dust density in the midplane of protoplanetary disks is favorable for efficient grain growth and can allow fast formation of planetesimals and planets, before disks dissipate. Vertical settling and dust trapping in pressure maxima are two mechanisms allowing dust to concentrate in geometrically thin and high density regions. In this work, we aim to study these mechanisms in the highly inclined protoplanetary disk SSTC2D J163131.2-242627 (Oph163131, i~84deg). We present new high angular resolution continuum and 12CO ALMA observations of Oph163131. The gas emission appears significantly mor…
Constraining properties of dust formed in Wolf-Rayet binary WR 112 using mid-infrared and millimeter observations
Yale University（耶鲁大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy（荷兰射电天文研究所）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Arkansas Tech University（阿肯色理工大学）；The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；Caltech（加州理工学院）；Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所）
We present new 0.6 - 4 $μ$m imaging of the SR 21 transition disk from Keck/NIRC2 and Magellan/MagAO. The protoplanetary disk around SR 21 has a large (~ 30 - 40 AU) clearing first inferred from its spectral energy distribution and later detected in sub-millimeter imaging. Both the gas and small dust grains are known to have a different morphology, with an inner truncation in CO at ~7 AU, and micron-sized dust detected within the millimeter clearing. Previous near-infrared imaging could not distinguish between an inner dust disk with a truncation at ~7 AU or one that extended to the sublimation…
Context. Despite the recent discovery of spiral-shaped features in protoplanetary discs in the near-infrared and millimetric wavelengths, there is still an active discussion to understand how they formed. In fact, the spiral waves observed in discs around young stars can be due to different physical mechanisms: planet/companion torques, gravitational perturbations or illumination effects. Aims. We study the spirals formed in the gaseous phase due to two diametrically opposed shadows cast at fixed disc locations. The shadows are created by an inclined non-precessing disc inside the cavity, whic…
$κ$CrB is a ${\sim}2.5\,$Gyr old K1 sub-giant star, with an eccentric exo-Jupiter at ${\sim}2.8\,$au and a debris disc at tens of au. We present ALMA Band 6 ($1.3\,$mm) and HST scattered light ($0.6\,μ$m) images, demonstrating $κ$CrB's broad debris disc, covering an extent $50{-}180\,$au in the millimetre (peaking at $110\,$au), and $51{-}280\,$au in scattered light (peaking at $73\,$au). By modelling the millimetre emission, we estimate the dust mass as ${\sim}0.016\,M{\oplus}$, and constrain lower-limit planetesimal sizes as $D_{\rm{max}}{>}1\,$km and the planetesimal belt mass as $M_{\rm{di…
Observations of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) at sub-mm wavelengths suggest that polarisation is caused by scattering of thermal radiation. Most of the dust models that are used to explain these observations have major drawbacks: They either use much smaller grains than expected from dust evolution models, or result in lower polarisations than observed. We investigate the effect of dust grain porosity on the polarisation due to scattering at sub-mm wavelengths arising from grains of up to mm sizes, as they are expected to be present in the midplane of PPDs. Using the effective medium theory, we …
Context. The mechanisms governing the opening of cavities in transition disks are not fully understood. Several processes have been proposed but their occurrence rate is still unknown. Aims. We present spatially resolved observations of two transition disks and aim at constraining their vertical and radial structure using multiwavelength observations. Methods. We have obtained near-IR scattered light observations with VLT/SPHERE of the transition disks J1608 and J1852. We complement our datasets with ALMA observations and with unresolved photometric observations covering a wide range of wavele…
51 Oph is a Herbig Ae/Be star that exhibits strong near-infrared CO ro-vibrational emission at 2.3 micron, most likely originating in the innermost regions of a circumstellar disc. We aim to obtain the physical and geometrical properties of the system by spatially resolving the circumstellar environment of the inner gaseous disc. We used the second-generation VLTI/GRAVITY to spatially resolve the continuum and the CO overtone emission. We obtained data over 12 baselines with the auxiliary telescopes and derive visibilities, and the differential and closure phases as a function of wavelength. W…
Context. Debris disks have commonly been studied around intermediate-mass stars. Their intense radiation fields are believed to efficiently remove the small dust grains that are constantly replenished by collisions. For lower-mass stars, in particular M-stars, the dust removal mechanism needs to be further investigated given the much weaker radiation field produced by these objects. Aims. We present new polarimetric observations of the nearly edge-on disk around the pre-main sequence M-type star GSC 07396-00759, taken with VLT/SPHERE IRDIS, with the aim to better understand the morphology of t…
The ALMA View of the Edge-on Gomez's Hamburger System: A Highly-Dynamic, Asymmetric Protoplanetary Disk Reveals the Earliest Phases of Giant Planet Formation
University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Université Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique (IRAM)（毫米波射电天文研究所）；Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森天体物理中心）
We present 870 $μ$m ALMA observations of polarized dust emission toward the Class II protoplanetary disk IM Lup. We find that the orientation of the polarized emission is along the minor axis of the disk, and that the value of the polarization fraction increases steadily toward the center of the disk, reaching a peak value of ~1.1%. All of these characteristics are consistent with models of self-scattering of submillimeter-wave emission from an optically thin inclined disk. The distribution of the polarization position angles across the disk reveals that while the average orientation is along …
