发表机构
University of Minnesota; University of Virginia; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Université Grenoble Alpes; CNRS; Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique (IRAM); Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（明尼苏达大学; 弗吉尼亚大学; 麻省理工学院; 格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学; 法国国家科学研究中心; 毫米波射电天文研究所; 哈佛-史密森天体物理中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
通过ALMA高分辨率观测侧向盘GoHam，探测到局部硫化学增强和非开普勒运动，揭示早期巨行星形成及盘动力学特征。
AI 中文摘要
化学示踪物提供了原行星盘中正在进行的行星形成和局部动力学扰动的一些最强观测特征。特别是，含硫分子预计在冲击加热、冰升华和引力不稳定性区域会增强。在此，我们展示了高角分辨率（约0.″2）阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列对大型侧向 Gomez's Hamburger（'GoHam'；IRAS 18059-3211）盘的$^{12}$CO J=3-2、$^{13}$CO J=3-2、CS J=7-6和SO J$_{\rm N}$=8$_8$-7$_7$的观测。我们探测到一个狭窄的单侧SO发射弧，其峰值位于先前识别出的气体过密度附近，表明早期巨行星或盘碎片周围存在局部加热。GoHam的侧向几何结构使我们能够将此化学特征置于盘气体和尘埃结构的更广泛背景中。为此，我们绘制了分子气体相对于毫米和（亚）微米尺度尘埃的垂直分布，识别出明显的南北连续体不对称性，并探测到指示盘风的非开普勒$^{12}$CO和$^{13}$CO发射。我们还推导出动力学恒星质量为2.2 ± 0.5 M$_{\odot}$，以及基于尘埃消光图修正的距离为139 ± 24 pc，这将GoHam置于天蝎-半人马星协的外围。综合这些观测揭示了一个高度动态的盘，其中局部硫化学可能追踪宽分离巨行星形成的最早可观测阶段之一。
英文摘要
Chemical tracers provide some of the strongest observational signatures of ongoing planet formation and localized dynamical perturbations in protoplanetary disks. In particular, sulfur-bearing molecules are predicted to be enhanced in regions of shock heating, ice sublimation, and gravitational instability. Here, we present high-angular-resolution ($\approx$0.$^{\prime\prime}$2) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of $^{12}$CO J=3-2, $^{13}$CO J=3-2, CS J=7-6, and SO J$_{\rm N}$=8$_8$-7$_7$ toward the large, edge-on Gomez's Hamburger ('GoHam'; IRAS 18059-3211) disk. We detect a narrow, one-sided arc of SO emission that peaks near a previously-identified gas over-density, suggesting localized heating around an early-stage giant protoplanet or disk fragment. The edge-on geometry of GoHam enables us to place this chemical signature in the broader context of the disk gas and dust structure. To do so, we map the vertical distribution of molecular gas relative to millimeter- and (sub)-micron-sized dust, identify a pronounced north-south continuum asymmetry, and detect non-Keplerian $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO emission indicative of a disk wind. We also derive a dynamical stellar mass of 2.2 $\pm$ 0.5 M$_{\odot}$ and a revised dust-extinction-map-based distance of 139 $\pm$ 24 pc, which places GoHam in the outskirts of the Scorpius-Centaurus association. Together, these observations reveal a highly dynamic disk in which localized sulfur chemistry may trace one of the earliest observable stages of wide-separation giant planet formation.
Comments30 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
