The simultaneous emission of two protons is an exotic and complex three-body process. It is very important for experimental groups investigating the nuclear stability on the proton drip line to have a simple rule predicting the two-proton decay widths with a reasonable accuracy for transitions between ground as well as excited states in terms of relevant physical variables. In spite of its complexity, we show that the two-proton emission process obeys similar rules as for binary emission processes like proton, alpha and heavy cluster decays. It turns out that the logarithm of the decay width, corrected by the centrifugal barrier, linearly depends upon the Coulomb parameter within one order of magnitude. On the other hand, the universal linear dependence with a negative slope between the logarithm of the reduced width and the fragmentation potential, valid for any kind of binary decay process, is also fulfilled for the two-proton emission with a relative good accuracy. As a consequence of pairing correlations the two protons are simultaneously emitted from a singlet paired state. We evidence that indeed one obtains a linear dependence between the logarithm of the reduced width and pairing gap within a factor of two, giving a good predictive power to this law. It turns out that the diproton and alpha-cluster formation probabilities have similar patterns versus the pairing gap, while in the one-proton case one has a quasi-constant behavior.
Systematic study of proton radioactivity half-lives based on the relationship between the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock and the macroscopic quantities of nuclear matter
Role of diproton correlation in two-proton emission decay of the $^6$Be nucleus
讨论了双质子关联在富质子核$^6$ Be基态双质子发射中的作用。假设$α+ p + p$组态为三体结构，我们发展了一种含时方法，将双质子发射描述为三体亚稳态的时间演化。利用这种方法，可以通过监测双粒子密度分布随时间的变化，直观地讨论双质子发射的动力学过程。与模型的哈密顿量，很好地再现实验的两个质子衰变宽度，我们表明，强关联的双质子发射是一个主导过程中的早期阶段的两个质子发射。当双质子关联不存在时，双质子发射与双质子发射竞争，衰变宽度被低估。这些结果表明，双质子发射衰变提供了一个很好的机会，探测质子滴线以外的丰质子核的双质子关联。
Interplay of effects of neutron skins in coordinate space and proton skins in momentum space on hard photons emission in heavy-ion collisions around Fermi Energy
Systematic analysis of proton- and deuteron-induced one-proton knockout reactions
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University（大阪大学核物理研究中心）；Department of Physics, Kyushu University（九州大学物理学系）；Nuclear Data Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子能机构核数据中心）
Proton-proton correlations in distinguishing the two-proton emission mechanism of $^{23}$Al and $^{22}$Mg
在RIKEN RI Beam Factory测量了$^{23}$ Al $\rightarrow$ p + p + $^{21}$ Na和$^{22}$ Mg $\rightarrow$ p + p + $^{20}$ Ne的运动学完全衰变道的质子-质子动量关联函数（$C_{pp}(q)$）。根据$^{23}$ Al和$^{22}$ Mg的$C_{pp}(q)$的非常不同的相关强度，通过在关联函数计算代码（CRAB）中假设高斯源分布，从$C_{pp}(q)$数据中提取源大小和发射时间信息。结果表明，$^{23}$ Al的双质子发射机制主要为顺序发射，而$^{22}$ Mg的双质子发射机制主要为三体同时发射。结合我们以前的双质子相对动量和张开角的结果，指出双质子发射机制可以得到清晰的区分。
Long-range azimuthal correlations for partially coherent pion emission in proton-proton collisions
本文研究了相对论质子-质子碰撞中相干π辐射对长程方位关联的影响。本文研究了具有横向和Bjorken纵向展开的相干源的动量分布，并计算了两粒子关联函数$C(Δη,Δϕ)$。无论相干源是膨胀的还是静止的，在相干π介子辐射的关联函数$C(Δη,Δϕ)$中都观察到“脊”结构。这种长程方位相关的发生可以追溯到相干源的非对称初始横向轮廓，由于相干发射的干扰。我们进一步构造了一个部分相干的π介子发射源，通过将混沌发射组件。从$\sqrt{s}\!=\!7\,$ TeV pp碰撞中两π介子Hanbury-Brown-Twiss关联的实验数据中，我们提取了一个随带电粒子多重数增加而增加的π介子辐射相干部分，作为部分相干源模型的输入.在部分相干源的关联函数$C(Δη,Δϕ)$中观察到脊结构。在较高的多重性下，相关性变得更强，因为相干程度更大。这一结果对于充分理解pp碰撞小系统中的集体性具有重要意义。
Two-proton emission as source of spin-entangled proton pairs
Ibaraki College in National Institute of Technology (KOSEN)（茨城国立技术学院）；RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science（理化学研究所仁科加速器科学中心）；Department of Physics / Quark Nuclear Science Institute, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学理学研究科物理系/夸克核科学研究所）
Systematic Study of Proton, Two-Proton, Alpha, and Cluster Radioactivity Half-Lives based on the Deformed Gamow-like Model and Tabular Prior-data Fitted Network ($\mathrm{TabPFN}$)
College of Physics and Technology, Kunming University（昆明大学物理与技术学院）；School of Physics and Information Engineering, Zhaotong University（昭通大学物理与信息工程学院）；Key Laboratory of Economic System Simulation of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics（贵州省经济系统模拟重点实验室，贵州财经大学）
Different mechanism of two-proton emission from proton-rich nuclei $^{23}$Al and $^{22}$Mg
用RIKEN RI束流工厂的抛射体碎片分离器（RIPS）测量了两个激发态丰质子核$^{23}$ Al $\rightarrow$ p + p + $^{21}$ Na和$^{22}$ Mg $\rightarrow$ p + p + $^{20}$ Ne的三体衰变的双质子相对动量（$q_{pp}$）和张开角（$θ_{pp}$）分布。在高激发态$^{22}$ Mg的双质子分裂通道中，在$q_{pp}\sim20$ MeV/c处观察到明显的峰，以及在30 $^\circ$附近观察到$θ_{pp}$的峰。相反，对于$^{23}$ Al情况，不存在这样的峰。结果表明，激发态$^{22}$ Mg的双质子发射机制与$^{23}$ Al的不同，前者在高激发态下具有较好的双质子发射，而后者主要由连续衰变过程控制.
The influence of cluster emission and the symmetry energy on neutron-proton spectral double ratios
采用改进的量子分子动力学模型，在核物质状态方程中引入两种不同的对称能密度依赖关系，模拟了124 Sn +124 Sn和112 Sn +112 Sn反应中心碰撞的自由中子和质子发射.两个反应系统的中子质子比的构造的双比率被发现是敏感的EOS中的对称项。团簇形成的影响进行了研究，发现影响的双倍比主要在低能量区。为了更好地利用输运模型提取关于对称能量的信息，因此重要的是在高能量区域中具有准确的数据，该区域也受顺序衰变的影响最小。
