Predictions of localized Majorana modes, and ideas for manipulating these degrees of freedom, are the two key ingredients in proposals for physical platforms for Majorana quantum computation. Several proposals envisage a scalable network of such Majorana modes coupled bilinearly to each other by quantum-mechanical mixing amplitudes. Here, we develop a theoretical framework for characterizing collective topologically protected zero-energy Majorana fermion excitations of such networks of localized Majorana modes. A key ingredient in our work is the Gallai-Edmonds decomposition of a general graph, which we use to obtain an alternate ``local'' proof of a ``global'' result of Lov{á}sz and Anderson on the dimension of the topologically protected null space of {\em real skew-symmetric} (or pure-imaginary hermitean) adjacency matrices of general graphs. Our approach to Lov{á}sz and Anderson's result constructs a maximally-localized basis for the said null-space from the Gallai-Edmonds decomposition of the graph. Applied to the graph of the Majorana network in question, this gives a method for characterizing basis-independent properties of these collective topologically protected Majorana fermion excitations, and relating these properties to the correlation function of monomers in the ensemble of maximum matchings (maximally-packed dimer covers) of the corresponding network graph. Our approach can also be used to identify signatures of zero-energy excitations in systems modeled by a free-fermion Hamiltonian with a hopping matrix of this type; an interesting example is provided by vacancy-induced Curie tails in generalizations (on non-bipartite lattices) of Kitaev's honeycomb model.
Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases in the Triangular Majorana-Hubbard Ladder
Western Washington University(西华盛顿大学);Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia(不列颠哥伦比亚大学斯图尔特·布拉斯量子物质研究所);Los Alamos National Laboratory(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室)
Symmetry-protected topological phases in the SU(N) Heisenberg spin chain: a Majorana-fermion approach
从可积点出发,通过Majorana费米子研究,研究了SU(N)群的N阶全对称表示中海森堡自旋链的保序拓扑相的性质.后一种方法推广了Tsvelik [A. M. Tsvelik,Phys.Rev.B42,10499(1990)]描述了来自三个大质量马约拉纳费米子的自旋为1的海森堡链的Half-phase的低能性质。我们发现,对于所有N的出现,一个非简并的边缘状态,其拓扑保护依赖于N的奇偶性带隙相位。虽然对于N奇数没有这样的保护,偶数N的相位被证明是拓扑保护。我们发现该相位与SU(N)群的自共轭全反对称表示中的边态相位属于同一拓扑类。
Crystalline symmetry protected helical Majorana modes in the iron pnictides
我们提出,传播一维马约拉纳费米子将在某些铁基超导体的涡核中发展,特别是Li(Fe $_{1-x}$ Co $_x$)As。该提议的一个关键成分是最近在ARPES实验中观察到的3D狄拉克锥[P.Zhang et al.,Nat. Phys. $\textbf{15}$,41(2019)]。使用周围的$Γ-Z$线的有效哈密顿量,我们证明了无间隙的一维螺旋Majorana模式的发展,由$C_4$对称性保护。一个拓扑指数推导出链接的螺旋马约拉纳模式的存在下,单极的贝里曲率的正常状态。我们提出了这个理论的各种实验结果,并讨论了它与宇宙弦的可能联系。
虫洞的观测在天体物理学领域已经被证明是困难的。然而,随着新型拓扑量子材料的发现,在凝聚态物理中观察天体物理和粒子物理效应成为可能。在这项工作中,提出虫洞可以存在于III型外尔相。此外,这些虫洞在拓扑上受到保护,使得它们在凝聚态系统中的创建和测量变得可行。最后,确定了Co $_3$ In $_2$ X $_2$(X = S,Se)为理想的Ⅲ型Weyl半金属,并提出了实验来证实Ⅲ型Weyl相的存在。
Symmetry-protected topologically ordered states for universal quantum computation
基于测量的量子计算是一种量子信息处理模型,它利用对适当纠缠的资源态的局部测量来实现量子门。对普遍资源状态的完整描述仍然缺失。在基于测量的量子计算中,一维保序拓扑可以用来保护某些量子门。本文证明了任意格点上的二维元格态在对称性分数化下具有非平凡的保序拓扑,是量子计算的通用资源态。我们关于任意二维格上的非平凡保序拓扑序的结果是基于Chen,Gu,Liu和Wen [Phys. Rev. B \textbf{87},155114(2013)]在正方形格上的最近构造的扩展。
Topologically protected measurement-based quantum computation on the thermal state of a nearest-neighbor two-body Hamiltonian with spin-3/2 particles
最近,李{ \it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. { \bf 107},060501(2011)]已经证明,只要温度小于临界值,即阈值温度,就可以在具有自旋2和自旋3/2粒子的最近邻两体哈密顿量的热状态上实现拓扑保护的基于测量的量子计算。在这里,我们表明,热状态的最近邻两体哈密顿量,其中只包括自旋3/2粒子,使我们能够进行拓扑保护的测量为基础的量子计算。阈值温度的计算结果表明,与自旋-2和自旋-3/2系统的阈值温度相当。此外,我们一般表明,一个高连通性的集群状态可以有效地产生从自旋3/2系统的热态没有严重的热噪声积累。
STM imaging of electronic waves on the surface of Bi$_2$Te$_3$: topologically protected surface states and hexagonal warping effects
高品质的Bi $_2$ Te $_3$晶体的扫描隧道光谱研究表现出完美的对应关系的ARPES数据,从而使识别不同的制度测量的局域态密度(LDOS)。分析了LDOS在阶跃附近的振荡现象。在表面带振荡的主要部分强烈阻尼,支持拓扑保护的假设。在更高的能量,作为表面带成为凹,振荡出现分散与一个特定的波矢量,可能导致从一个非常规的六边形翘曲项。