arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2201.02794astro-ph.EP
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具有环行星的系外行星透射谱的一个表征框架

A Framework for Characterizing Transmission Spectra of Exoplanets with Circumplanetary Rings

Kazumasa Ohno, Jonathan J. Fortney

摘要:

最近的观测显示,几个极低密度的系外行星显示出无特征的透射光谱。虽然大气气溶胶是低密度和无特征光谱的一个有希望的解释,但还有另一个有吸引力的可能性:环行星环的存在。以前的研究表明,环会导致非常大的过境半径。然而,人们对环如何影响透射光谱仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们提供了一个框架来表征环状系外行星的透射光谱。我们开发了一个分析处方,包括环的透射光谱任意查看的几何形状。我们还建立了一个简单的后处理模型,可以包括环的预计算的无环光谱的影响。该环为各种各样的观测几何形状提供了透射光谱,与极低密度系外行星的无特征光谱一致。不久的将来,JWST在更长波长的观测将能够区分气溶胶和环的情况。我们还发现,岩石环可能会导致硅酸盐功能在$\sim$ 10 $μ$米,如果环的光学深度是统一的。因此,环的光谱特征,如果检测到,将提供严格的约束外行星环的物理特性。我们还讨论了环的稳定性,并建议厚环是可持续的,只有在平衡温度为$\lesssim$ 300 K的环的年龄相当于开普勒行星。这可能表明开普勒样本中厚环的内在缺陷,除非环比土星的行星年轻得多。

英文摘要:

Recent observations revealed that several extremely low-density exoplanets show featureless transmission spectra. While atmospheric aerosols are a promising explanation for both the low density and featureless spectra, there is another attractive possibility: the presence of circumplanetary rings. Previous studies suggested that rings cause anomalously large transit radii. However, it remains poorly understood how rings affect the transmission spectrum. Here, we provide a framework to characterize the transmission spectra of ringed exoplanets. We develop an analytical prescription to include rings in the transmission spectra for arbitrarily viewing geometries. We also establish a simple post-processing model that can include the ring's effects on precomputed ring-free spectra. The ring flattens the transmission spectrum for a wide range of viewing geometries, consistent with the featureless spectra of extremely low-density exoplanets. Near-future observations by JWST at longer wavelengths would be able to distinguish the aerosol and ring scenarios. We also find that rocky rings might cause a silicate feature at $\sim$10 $μ$m if the ring's optical depth is around unity. Thus, the ring's spectral features, if detected, would provide tight constrains on the physical properties of exoplanetary rings. We also discuss the ring's stability and suggest that thick rings are sustainable only at the equilibrium temperature of $\lesssim$300 K for the ring's age comparable to Kepler planets. This might indicate the intrinsic deficit of thick rings in the Kepler samples, unless rings are much younger than the planets as suggested for Saturn.

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