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arXiv 2201.02719nucl-th
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Nuclear Fission理论

Theory of Nuclear Fission

Nicolas Schunck, David Regnier

摘要:

原子核是由强核力结合在一起的质子和中子的量子多体系统。在适当的条件下,原子核可以分裂成两个(有时是三个)碎片,然后通过发射粒子而衰变。这种现象被称为核裂变。由于不同的裂变事件可能产生不同的碎裂,在一个小的化学物质样本中发生的所有裂变的最终产物包括数百种不同的同位素,包括$α$粒子,以及大量发射的中子,光子,电子和反中微子。这一过程异常复杂,发生在一个飞秒量级的长度尺度上,大多数时间不到一飞秒,但直到所有挥之不去的$β$衰变完成才完全结束-这可能需要数年时间-是了解原子核物理学的一个迷人窗口。虽然裂变可能在其技术应用的背景下更自然地被了解,但它在天体物理环境中的重元素合成中也起着关键作用。在这两种情况下,实验测量不足以提供完整的数据。模拟是必要的,但其准确度和精确度对核理论构成了巨大的挑战。这篇文章的目的是提供一个全面的概述的理论方法在描述核裂变。

英文摘要:

Atomic nuclei are quantum many-body systems of protons and neutrons held together by strong nuclear forces. Under the proper conditions, nuclei can break into two (sometimes three) fragments which will subsequently decay by emitting particles. This phenomenon is called nuclear fission. Since different fission events may produce different fragmentations, the end-products of all fissions that occurred in a small chemical sample of matter comprise hundreds of different isotopes, including $α$ particles, together with a large number of emitted neutrons, photons, electrons and antineutrinos. The extraordinary complexity of this process, which happens at length scales of the order of a femtometer, mostly takes less than a femtosecond but is not completely over until all the lingering $β$ decays have completed - which can take years - is a fascinating window into the physics of atomic nuclei. While fission may be more naturally known in the context of its technological applications, it also plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of heavy elements in astrophysical environments. In both cases, experimental measurements are not sufficient to provide complete data. Simulations are needed, yet at levels of accuracy and precision that pose formidable challenges to nuclear theory. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical methods employed in the description of nuclear fission.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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