In this paper, we introduce Harmonics Virtual Lights (HVL), to model indirect light sources for interactive global illumination of dynamic 3D scenes. Virtual Point Lights (VPL) are an efficient approach to define indirect light sources and to evaluate the resulting indirect lighting. Nonetheless, VPL suffer from disturbing artifacts, especially with high frequency materials. Virtual Spherical Lights (VSL) avoid these artifacts by considering spheres instead of points but estimates the lighting integral using Monte Carlo which results to noise in the final image. We define HVL as an extension of VSL in a Spherical Harmonics (SH) framework, defining a closed form of the lighting integral evaluation. We propose an efficient SH projection of spherical lights contribution faster than existing methods. Computing the outgoing luminance requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ operations when using materials with circular symmetric lobes, and $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ operations for the general case, where $n$ is the number of SH bands. HVL can be used with either parametric or measured BRDF without extra cost and offers control over rendering time and image quality, by either decreasing or increasing the band limit used for SH projection. Our approach is particularly well designed to render medium-frequency one-bounce global illumination with arbitrary BRDF in interactive time.
Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学）；Center for Neural Science, New York University（纽约大学神经科学中心）；Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University（纽约大学柯朗数学科学研究所）
We develop a framework for rendering photographic images, taking into account display limitations, so as to optimize perceptual similarity between the rendered image and the original scene. We formulate this as a constrained optimization problem, in which we minimize a measure of perceptual dissimilarity, the Normalized Laplacian Pyramid Distance (NLPD), which mimics the early stage transformations of the human visual system. When rendering images acquired with higher dynamic range than that of the display, we find that the optimized solution boosts the contrast of low-contrast features withou…
Virtual Reality systems provide many opportunities for scientific research and consumer enjoyment; however, they are more demanding than traditional desktop applications and require a wired connection to desktops in order to enjoy maximum quality. Standalone options that are not connected to computers exist, yet they are powered by mobile GPUs, which provide limited power in comparison to desktop rendering. Alternative approaches to improve performance on mobile devices use server rendering to render frames for a client and treat the client largely as a display device. However, current streami…
Most commercially available optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) utilize optical combiners to simultaneously visualize the physical background and virtual objects. The displayed images perceived by users are a blend of rendered pixels and background colors. Enabling high fidelity color perception in mixed reality (MR) scenarios using OST-HMDs is an important but challenging task. We propose a real-time rendering scheme to enhance the color contrast between virtual objects and the surrounding background for OST-HMDs. Inspired by the discovery of color perception in psychophysics…
We present a system for acquiring, processing, and rendering panoramic light field still photography for display in Virtual Reality (VR). We acquire spherical light field datasets with two novel light field camera rigs designed for portable and efficient light field acquisition. We introduce a novel real-time light field reconstruction algorithm that uses a per-view geometry and a disk-based blending field. We also demonstrate how to use a light field prefiltering operation to project from a high-quality offline reconstruction model into our real-time model while suppressing artifacts. We intr…
A new computer haptics algorithm to be used in general interactive manipulations of deformable virtual objects is presented. In multimodal interactive simulations, haptic feedback computation often comes from contact forces. Subsequently, the fidelity of haptic rendering depends significantly on contact space modeling. Contact and friction laws between deformable models are often simplified in up to date methods. They do not allow a "realistic" rendering of the subtleties of contact space physical phenomena (such as slip and stick effects due to friction or mechanical coupling between contacts…
Volume Rendering applications require sophisticated user interaction for the definition and refinement of transfer functions. Traditional 2D desktop user interface elements have been developed to solve this task, but such concepts do not map well to the interaction devices available in Virtual Reality environments. In this paper, we propose an intuitive user interface for Volume Rendering specifically designed for Virtual Reality environments. The proposed interface allows transfer function design and refinement based on intuitive two-handed operation of Wand-like controllers. Additional inter…
Redirected walking is a Virtual Reality(VR) locomotion technique which enables users to navigate virtual environments (VEs) that are spatially larger than the available physical tracked space. In this work we present a novel technique for redirected walking in VR based on the psychological phenomenon of inattentional blindness. Based on the user's visual fixation points we divide the user's view into zones. Spatially-varying rotations are applied according to the zone's importance and are rendered using foveated rendering. Our technique is real-time and applicable to small and large physical s…
Immersive computer graphics systems strive to generate perceptually realistic user experiences. Current-generation virtual reality (VR) displays are successful in accurately rendering many perceptually important effects, including perspective, disparity, motion parallax, and other depth cues. In this article, we introduce ocular parallax rendering, a technology that accurately renders small amounts of gaze-contingent parallax capable of improving depth perception and realism in VR. Ocular parallax describes the small amounts of depth-dependent image shifts on the retina that are created as the…
In this paper we present a framework for the rendering of dynamic 3D virtual environments which can be integrated in the development of videogames. It includes methods to manage sounds and particle effects, paged static geometries, the support of a physics engine and various input systems. It has been designed with a modular structure to allow future expansions. We exploited some open-source state-of-the-art components such as OGRE, PhysX, ParticleUniverse, etc.; all of them have been properly integrated to obtain peculiar physical and environmental effects. The stand-alone version of the appl…
A3FR: Agile 3D Gaussian Splatting with Incremental Gaze Tracked Foveated Rendering in Virtual Reality
Tandon School of Engineering \ York University New York USA；Stanford University, work done during internship at New York University；Tandon School of Engineering \ York University
In this thesis a rendering system and an accompanying tool chain for Virtual Texturing is presented. Our tools allow to automatically retexture existing geometry in order to apply unique texturing on each face. Furthermore we investigate several techniques that try to minimize visual artifacts in the case that only a small amount of pages can be streamed per frame. We analyze the influence of different heuristics that are responsible for the page selection. Alongside these results we present a measurement method to allow the comparison of our heuristics.
This paper proposes a new hybrid algorithm for sampling virtual point light (VPL). The indirect lighting calculation of the scene is used to distribute the VPL reasonably. In the process of generating VPL, we divide the scene into two parts according to the camera position and orientation. The close-range part: the part that the camera pays attention to. The distant-range part: the part that the camera does not pay attention to or rarely pays attention to. For the close-range part, we use a patch-based vPL sampling method to distribute the VPL as evenly as possible on the patch in the near-fie…
In the context of a virtual reconstitution of the destroyed Royaumont abbey church, this paper investigates computer sciences issues intrinsic to the physically-based image rendering. First, a virtual model was designed from historical sources and archaeological descriptions. Then some materials physical properties were measured on remains of the church and on pieces from similar ancient churches. We specify the properties of our lighting source which is a representation of the sun, and present the rendering algorithm implemented in our software Virtuelium. In order to accelerate the computati…
Recently, virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used in medical, military, manufacturing, entertainment, and other fields. These applications must simulate different complex material surfaces, various dynamic objects, and complex physical phenomena, increasing the complexity of VR scenes. Current computing devices cannot efficiently render these complex scenes in real time, and delayed rendering makes the content observed by the user inconsistent with the user's interaction, causing discomfort. Foveated rendering is a promising technique that can accelerate rendering. It takes advant…
Tianjin University（天津大学）；University of Maryland at College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）
Sound, as a crucial sensory channel, plays a vital role in improving the reality and immersiveness of a virtual environment, following only vision in importance. Sound can provide important clues such as sound directionality and spatial size. This paper gives a broad overview of research works on sound simulation in virtual reality, games, multimedia, computer-aided design. We first survey various sound synthesis methods, including harmonic synthesis, texture synthesis, spectral analysis, and physics-based synthesis. Then, we summarize popular sound propagation techniques, namely wave-based me…
ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）；Stereye Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.（视辰智能科技有限公司）；Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
Some of the most exciting experiences that Metaverse promises to offer, for instance, live interactions with virtual characters in virtual environments, require real-time photo-realistic rendering. 3D reconstruction approaches to rendering, active or passive, still require extensive cleanup work to fix the meshes or point clouds. In this paper, we present a neural volumography technique called neural volumetric video or NeuVV to support immersive, interactive, and spatial-temporal rendering of volumetric video contents with photo-realism and in real-time. The core of NeuVV is to efficiently en…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；New York University（纽约大学）；UNC Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）
Virtual Reality (VR) is becoming ubiquitous with the rise of consumer displays and commercial VR platforms. Such displays require low latency and high quality rendering of synthetic imagery with reduced compute overheads. Recent advances in neural rendering showed promise of unlocking new possibilities in 3D computer graphics via image-based representations of virtual or physical environments. Specifically, the neural radiance fields (NeRF) demonstrated that photo-realistic quality and continuous view changes of 3D scenes can be achieved without loss of view-dependent effects. While NeRF can s…
In some entertainment and virtual reality applications, it is necessary to model and draw the real world realistically, so as to improve the fidelity of natural scenes and make users have a better sense of immersion. However, due to the morphological structure of trees The complexity and variety present many challenges for photorealistic modeling and rendering of trees. This paper reviews the progress achieved in photorealistic modeling and rendering of tree branches, leaves, and bark over the past few decades. The main achievement is mainly a rule-based procedural tree modeling method.
In this work, we develop a multi-modal rendering framework comprising of hapto-visual and auditory data. The prime focus is to haptically render point cloud data representing virtual 3-D models of cultural significance and also to handle their affine transformations. Cultural heritage objects could potentially be very large and one may be required to render the object at various scales of details. Further, surface effects such as texture and friction are incorporated in order to provide a realistic haptic perception to the users. Moreover, the proposed framework includes an appropriate sound s…
L’Oréal Research and Innovation（欧莱雅研发与创新中心）；LTCI Télécom Paris Institut Polytechnique de Paris（巴黎理工学院巴黎电信学院LTCI实验室）；Modiface（Modiface公司）；Sorbonne Université CNRS LIP6（索邦大学CNRS LIP6实验室）
While makeup virtual-try-on is now widespread, parametrizing a computer graphics rendering engine for synthesizing images of a given cosmetics product remains a challenging task. In this paper, we introduce an inverse computer graphics method for automatic makeup synthesis from a reference image, by learning a model that maps an example portrait image with makeup to the space of rendering parameters. This method can be used by artists to automatically create realistic virtual cosmetics image samples, or by consumers, to virtually try-on a makeup extracted from their favorite reference image.
Volume data is found in many important scientific and engineering applications. Rendering this data for visualization at high quality and interactive rates for demanding applications such as virtual reality is still not easily achievable even using professional-grade hardware. We introduce FoVolNet -- a method to significantly increase the performance of volume data visualization. We develop a cost-effective foveated rendering pipeline that sparsely samples a volume around a focal point and reconstructs the full-frame using a deep neural network. Foveated rendering is a technique that prioriti…
