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arXiv 2110.03025q-bio.NC
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神经电路和网络的亚稳态动力学

Metastable dynamics of neural circuits and networks

Braden A. W. Brinkman, Han Yan, Arianna Maffei, Il Memming Park, Alfredo Fontanini, Jin Wang, Giancarlo La Camera

摘要:

皮层神经元发出看似不稳定的动作电位或“尖峰”序列,神经网络动力学来自神经回路内协调的尖峰活动。这些丰富的动态以各种模式表现出来,这些模式自发地出现或响应于感官输入产生的传入活动。在这篇评论中,我们专注于神经动力学,这是最好的理解为一个序列的重复激活的一些离散的隐藏状态。这些短暂占据的状态被称为“亚稳态”,并与重要的感觉和认知功能有关。例如,在啮齿动物的味觉皮层中,亚稳态动力学与刺激编码、期望状态和决策有关。在猕猴的额叶、顶叶和运动区,亚稳态活动与行为表现、选择行为、任务难度和注意力有关。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了神经亚稳态动力学的实验证据,以及研究神经回路亚稳态活动的理论方法。这些方法包括:(i)基于非平衡统计物理的网络动力学理论框架;(ii)从各种神经信号中提取亚稳态信息的统计方法;以及(iii)最近的神经网络方法,由实验结果提供信息,以模拟亚稳态动力学的出现。通过讨论这些主题,我们的目标是提供一个凝聚力的观点,不同的活动状态之间的转换如何可能提供的基本功能,如感知,记忆,期望,或决策的神经基础,更一般地说,亚稳态神经活动的研究如何可能会促进我们对健康和疾病的神经回路功能的理解。

英文摘要:

Cortical neurons emit seemingly erratic trains of action potentials or "spikes," and neural network dynamics emerge from the coordinated spiking activity within neural circuits. These rich dynamics manifest themselves in a variety of patterns, which emerge spontaneously or in response to incoming activity produced by sensory inputs. In this Review, we focus on neural dynamics that is best understood as a sequence of repeated activations of a number of discrete hidden states. These transiently occupied states are termed "metastable" and have been linked to important sensory and cognitive functions. In the rodent gustatory cortex, for instance, metastable dynamics have been associated with stimulus coding, with states of expectation, and with decision making. In frontal, parietal, and motor areas of macaques, metastable activity has been related to behavioral performance, choice behavior, task difficulty, and attention. In this article, we review the experimental evidence for neural metastable dynamics together with theoretical approaches to the study of metastable activity in neural circuits. These approaches include (i) a theoretical framework based on non-equilibrium statistical physics for network dynamics; (ii) statistical approaches to extract information about metastable states from a variety of neural signals; and (iii) recent neural network approaches, informed by experimental results, to model the emergence of metastable dynamics. By discussing these topics, we aim to provide a cohesive view of how transitions between different states of activity may provide the neural underpinnings for essential functions such as perception, memory, expectation, or decision making, and more generally, how the study of metastable neural activity may advance our understanding of neural circuit function in health and disease.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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