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arXiv 2110.02464cond-mat.supr-con
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强自旋轨道耦合超导体中的反常小超导能隙:$ β- $钨

Anomalously small superconducting gap in the strong spin-orbit coupled superconductor: $ β- $Tungsten

Prashant Chauhan, Ramesh Budhani, N. P. Armitage

摘要:

薄膜的$ β- $钨主机在强自旋轨道耦合的存在下的超导性。钨的这种非平衡晶相由于其巨大的自旋霍尔效应和奇异超导性的潜在前景,近年来引起了相当大的关注。然而,在发现60多年后,这种材料的超导性仍然没有得到很好的理解。利用时域太赫兹光谱技术,测量了T $_c$为3.7 K的$ β- $钨薄膜在超导状态下的复电导率频率响应。当温度降到1.6 K时,我们发现超导能隙和超流谱权都比给定T $_c$的弱耦合超导体的谱权小得多.即使考虑到系统中可能存在的不均匀性,小间隙的结论仍然成立,这些不均匀性可能来自其他钨结晶形式(在这些温度下不是超导的)或$ β- $钨颗粒上的表面态。使用详细的X-射线衍射测量,我们排除了大量的其他钨同素异形体的可能性,强烈建议的拓扑表面状态的$ β- $钨在这些薄膜中发挥的作用的不均匀性。我们的观察提出了一个挑战和机会的理论,强各向异性正常金属与强自旋轨道耦合来描述。

英文摘要:

Thin films of $ β- $tungsten host superconductivity in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling. This non-equilibrium crystalline phase of tungsten has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its giant spin Hall effect and the potential promise of exotic superconductivity. However, more than 60 years after its discovery, superconductivity in this material is still not well understood. Using time-domain THz spectroscopy, we measure the frequency response of the complex optical conductivity of $ β- $tungsten thin film with a T$_c$ of 3.7 K in its superconducting state. At temperatures down to 1.6 K, we find that both the superconducting gap and the superfluid spectral weight are much smaller than that expected for a weakly coupled superconductor given the T$_c$. The conclusion of a small gap holds up even when accounting for possible inhomogeneities in the system, which could come from other crystalline forms of tungsten (that are not superconducting at these temperatures) or surface states on $ β- $tungsten grains. Using detailed X-ray diffraction measurements, we preclude the possibility of significant amount of other tungsten allotropes, strongly suggesting the topological surface states of $ β- $tungsten play the role of inhomogeneity in these films. Our observations pose a challenge and opportunity for a theory of strongly anisotropic normal metals with strong spin-orbit coupling to describe.

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