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arXiv 2109.09205math.CO
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重新审视书图的 Ramsey 良性质

Ramsey goodness of books revisited

Jacob Fox, Xiaoyu He, Yuval Wigderson

AI总结:

本文重新研究书图的 Ramsey 良性质,用不依赖 Szemerédi 正则性引理的简短证明改进规模界,并推广到完全多部图情形。

摘要:

Ramsey 数 r(G,H) 是满足如下条件的最小 N:每个具有 N 个顶点的图都包含 G 作为子图,或者其补图包含 H 作为子图。对于整数 n≥k≥1,k-书图 B_{k,n} 是一个具有 n 个顶点的图,由一个 K_k 的副本(称为书脊)以及 n-k 个附加顶点组成;每个附加顶点都与书脊的每个顶点相邻,而这些附加顶点彼此不相邻。若一个具有 n 个顶点的连通图 H 满足 r(K_p,H)=(p-1)(n-1)+1,则称其为 p-良的。Nikiforov 和 Rousseau 证明了当 n 相对于 p 和 k 充分大时,B_{k,n} 是 p-良的。他们的证明使用了 Szemerédi 正则性引理,并对 n 给出了塔型界。本文给出一个简短的新证明,避免使用正则性方法,并证明当 n≥2^{k^{10p}} 时,每个 B_{k,n} 都是 p-良的。利用 Szemerédi 正则性引理,Nikiforov 和 Rousseau 还证明了更一般的良性质类型结果:只要 |V(G)|<δ|V(H)|(其中 δ>0 是一个小常数),就可为若干族稀疏图 G 和 H 给出 r(G,H) 的紧界。利用我们的技术,我们证明了一个此类的新结果:当 H=B_{k,n},且 G 是一个完全 p 部图、其前 p-1 个部分具有常数大小、最后一个部分大小为 δn(其中 δ>0 为某个小常数)时,r(G,H)=(p-1)(n-1)+1。同样,我们的证明不使用正则性方法,因此得到关于 δ 的双指数界。

英文摘要:

The Ramsey number $r(G,H)$ is the minimum $N$ such that every graph on $N$ vertices contains $G$ as a subgraph or its complement contains $H$ as a subgraph. For integers $n \geq k \geq 1$, the $k$-book $B_{k,n}$ is the graph on $n$ vertices consisting of a copy of $K_k$, called the spine, as well as $n-k$ additional vertices each adjacent to every vertex of the spine and non-adjacent to each other. A connected graph $H$ on $n$ vertices is called $p$-good if $r(K_p,H)=(p-1)(n-1)+1$. Nikiforov and Rousseau proved that if $n$ is sufficiently large in terms of $p$ and $k$, then $B_{k,n}$ is $p$-good. Their proof uses Szemerédi's regularity lemma and gives a tower-type bound on $n$. We give a short new proof that avoids using the regularity method and shows that every $B_{k,n}$ with $n \geq 2^{k^{10p}}$ is $p$-good. Using Szemerédi's regularity lemma, Nikiforov and Rousseau also proved much more general goodness-type results, proving a tight bound on $r(G,H)$ for several families of sparse graphs $G$ and $H$ as long as $|V(G)| < δ|V(H)|$ for a small constant $δ> 0$. Using our techniques, we prove a new result of this type, showing that $r(G,H) = (p-1)(n-1)+1$ when $H =B_{k,n}$ and $G$ is a complete $p$-partite graph whose first $p-1$ parts have constant size and whose last part has size $δn$, for some small constant $δ>0$. Again, our proof does not use the regularity method, and thus yields double-exponential bounds on $δ$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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