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arXiv 2109.07463math.NT
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三次高斯和中的偏差:Patterson猜想

Bias in cubic Gauss sums: Patterson's conjecture

Alexander Dunn, Maksym Radziwiłł

AI总结:

本研究在广义黎曼假设下证明了关于三次高斯和的渐近公式,证实了Patterson1978年的猜想,解释了Kummer观测到的数值偏差,还得到显式Voronoi求和公式,证明三次大筛法是紧的。

摘要:

设$W$是在$(0,\infty)$上具有紧支集的光滑检验函数。在$\mathbb{Q}(ω)$上Hecke $L$-函数的广义黎曼假设(GRH)成立的条件下,我们证明当$X\rightarrow\infty$且$p$取遍素数时,$$\sum_{p \equiv 1 \pmod{3}} \frac{1}{2 \sqrt{p}} \cdot \Big ( \sum_{x \pmod{p}} e^{2πi x^3 / p} \Big ) W \Big ( \frac{p}{X} \Big ) \sim \frac{(2π)^{2/3}}{3 Γ(\tfrac 23)} \int_{0}^{\infty} W(x) x^{-1/6} dx \cdot \frac{X^{5/6}}{\log X}.$$这解释了1846年Kummer首次观测到的三次高斯和分布中一个著名的数值偏差,并(在广义黎曼假设条件下)证实了Patterson1978年提出的一个猜想。\n我们的证明有两个重要的副产品。第一个是针对三次高斯和的显式水平方面Voronoi求和公式,推广了Patterson和Yoshimoto的计算结果。其次,我们证明在广义黎曼假设下,Heath-Brown的三次大筛法是紧的,误差不超过$X^{o(1)}$阶因子。这推翻了三次大筛法可以被改进的普遍观点。\n我们证明中的一个关键要素是三次高斯和的色散估计。它可以被解释为带有非平凡渐近主项修正的三次大筛法。该估计依赖于广义黎曼假设,这也是我们的结果是条件性结果的根本原因之一。

英文摘要:

Let $W$ be a smooth test function with compact support in $(0,\infty)$. Conditional on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for Hecke $L$-functions over $\mathbb{Q}(ω)$, we prove that $$\sum_{p \equiv 1 \pmod{3}} \frac{1}{2 \sqrt{p}} \cdot \Big ( \sum_{x \pmod{p}} e^{2πi x^3 / p} \Big ) W \Big ( \frac{p}{X} \Big ) \sim \frac{(2π)^{2/3}}{3 Γ(\tfrac 23)} \int_{0}^{\infty} W(x) x^{-1/6} dx \cdot \frac{X^{5/6}}{\log X},$$ as $X \rightarrow \infty$ and $p$ runs over primes. This explains a well-known numerical bias in the distribution of cubic Gauss sums first observed by Kummer in 1846 and confirms (conditionally on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis) a conjecture of Patterson from 1978. There are two important byproducts of our proof. The first is an explicit level aspect Voronoi summation formula for cubic Gauss sums, extending computations of Patterson and Yoshimoto. Secondly, we show that Heath-Brown's cubic large sieve is sharp up to factors of $X^{o(1)}$ under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. This disproves the popular belief that the cubic large sieve can be improved. An important ingredient in our proof is a dispersion estimate for cubic Gauss sums. It can be interpreted as a cubic large sieve with correction by a non-trivial asymptotic main term. This estimate relies on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, and is one of the fundamental reasons why our result is conditional.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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