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arXiv 2109.07101cs.RO
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延迟感知的鲁棒控制用于安全自动驾驶

Delay-aware Robust Control for Safe Autonomous Driving

IIT Kharagpur(印度理工学院卡哈拉格普尔分校);Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学);Cleveland State University(克利夫兰州立大学)

Dvij Kalaria, Qin Lin, John M. Dolan

AI总结:

针对自动驾驶中计算、执行器及处理延迟,提出统一框架,结合鲁棒管模型预测控制与自适应卡尔曼滤波,兼顾安全与低保守性,并可为无延迟高级控制器提供安全保护。

摘要:

随着使用复杂非线性优化但计算资源有限的平价自动驾驶车辆的发展,计算时间成为一个令人担忧的问题。其他因素如执行器动力学和执行器命令处理成本也不可避免地导致延迟。在高速场景中,这些延迟对车辆安全至关重要。近期工作分别考虑这些延迟,但没有任何一项在自动驾驶背景下统一处理它们。此外,近期工作不恰当地将计算时间视为常数或较大的上界,这使得控制要么响应性不足,要么过于保守。为了处理所有这些延迟,我们提出了一个统一框架,通过:1) 对执行器动力学建模,2) 使用鲁棒管模型预测控制,3) 使用一种新颖的自适应卡尔曼滤波器,无需已知过程模型和噪声协方差,这使得控制器在最小化保守性的同时保持安全。一方面,我们的方法可以作为独立控制器;另一方面,我们的方法为假设无延迟的高级控制器提供安全保护。这可用于在将黑盒学习型控制器部署到实际车辆系统时补偿模拟到现实的差距,该控制器在未考虑延迟的简化环境中训练。

英文摘要:

With the advancement of affordable self-driving vehicles using complicated nonlinear optimization but limited computation resources, computation time becomes a matter of concern. Other factors such as actuator dynamics and actuator command processing cost also unavoidably cause delays. In high-speed scenarios, these delays are critical to the safety of a vehicle. Recent works consider these delays individually, but none unifies them all in the context of autonomous driving. Moreover, recent works inappropriately consider computation time as a constant or a large upper bound, which makes the control either less responsive or over-conservative. To deal with all these delays, we present a unified framework by 1) modeling actuation dynamics, 2) using robust tube model predictive control, 3) using a novel adaptive Kalman filter without assuminga known process model and noise covariance, which makes the controller safe while minimizing conservativeness. On onehand, our approach can serve as a standalone controller; on theother hand, our approach provides a safety guard for a high-level controller, which assumes no delay. This can be used for compensating the sim-to-real gap when deploying a black-box learning-enabled controller trained in a simplistic environment without considering delays for practical vehicle systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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