发表机构
College of Automotive and Energy Engineering, Tongji University（同济大学汽车与能源工程学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究通过驾驶模拟器实验，定义防御性驾驶，收集82名参与者数据并分组，经组间和试验间比较，发现防御性驾驶能力强的驾驶员能更激烈操作、更早识别风险并行动，提高驾驶安全性，为培训和算法训练提供依据。
AI 中文摘要
防御性驾驶被广泛认为是一项高级驾驶技能，但对其如何影响驾驶安全的研究尚不充分。本研究为此考察防御性驾驶的行为特征、对驾驶安全的影响及潜在机制。首先定义防御性驾驶，招募82名参与者进行驾驶模拟器实验并收集行为和眼动数据，按防御性驾驶行为频率分组，最后对实验数据进行组间和试验间比较。实验结果表明，高防御性驾驶能力组在组间比较中加速度和减速度幅度更大、平均速度更低、平均绝对偏航角更大、注视持续时间更短、注视频率更低，且倾向于更早采取防御或规避行动，降低场景风险；在试验间比较中，类似趋势仅在低能力组出现。这些结果揭示了防御性驾驶能力强的驾驶员倾向于执行更激烈驾驶操作、更早识别风险并采取行动，从而提高驾驶安全性。研究结果支持推广防御性驾驶并为相关培训项目提供依据，同时为具有防御性驾驶能力的自动驾驶算法训练提供见解。
英文摘要
Defensive driving is widely recognized as an advanced driving skill. However, whether and how defensive driving affects driving safety remains insufficiently investigated. This study examines the behavioral characteristics of defensive driving, its impact on driving safety, and the underlying mechanisms. First, defensive driving is defined regarding operational timing and application scenario. Then, 82 participants are recruited for driving simulator experiments, with their behavioral and eye movement data being collected. Following the experiments, participants are categorized into groups based on the frequency of defensive driving behaviors exhibited. Finally, both inter-group and inter trial comparisons are performed on the experimental data. Experimental results demonstrate that in the inter-group comparison, the high defensive driving capability group exhibits higher acceleration and deceleration magnitudes, lower average speeds, and larger average absolute yaw angles compared to the low capability group, alongside shorter fixation durations and reduced fixation frequencies. Moreover, we observe that these participants tend to initiate defensive or evasive actions earlier, resulting in lower scenario risk. Regarding the inter-trial comparison, we observe similar trends exclusively in the low capability group, whereas most metrics show no significant differences between Trial 1 and Trial 2 in the high capability group. These results reveal that drivers possessing defensive driving capabilities tend to execute more intense driving maneuvers and identify risks and take action earlier, thereby enhancing driving safety. Findings support the promotion of defensive driving and provide a basis for relevant training programs. Meanwhile, they offer insights for the training of autonomous driving algorithms with defensive driving capabilities.
Comments17 pages, 8 figures
