The weighted shifts are long known and important class of operators. One of known generalisation of this class are weighted shifts on directed trees, where we replace the linear order of coordinates in $\ell^2$ with a possibly more sophisticated graph structure. In this paper we focus on the question whether a weighted shift on a directed tree admits a subnormal or just power hyponormal (i.e. all powers of the operator are hyponormal) backward extension (a shift on larger directed tree). It comes out that in both cases the question whether we can obtain "joint extension" for a family of trees does not depend on any deep interrelations between the given trees but on their own "extendability" only.
We introduce a generalised framework of weighted shifts on directed forests which seems to be slightly more convenient to work with. The characterisation of all the leafless directed forests on which all hyponormal weighted shifts are power hyponormal is also given.
Weighted shifts on directed trees are a decade old generalisation of classical shift operators in the sequence space $\ell^2$. In this paper we introduce the joint backward extension property (JBEP) for classes of weighted shifts on directed trees. If a class satisfies JBEP, the existence of a common backward extension within the class for a family of weighted shifts on rooted directed trees does not depend on the additional structure of the big tree (of fixed depth). We decide whether several classes of operators have JBEP. For subnormal or power hyponormal weighted shifts the property is sat…
In this paper, we study the hypercyclicity of forward and backward shifts on weighted $L^p$ spaces of a directed tree. In the forward case, only the trivial trees may support hypercyclic shifts, in which case the classical results of Salas apply. For the backward case, nontrivial trees may support hypercyclic shifts. We obtain necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for hypercyclicity of the backward shift and, in the case of a rooted tree on an unweighted space, we show that these conditions coincide.
we study the hypercyclic and chaotic properties of the time varying weighted backward shift operator $(Tx)(t)=w(t)x(t+a)$ in $L_p(0,\infty)(1\leq p<\infty)$ and $C_0[0,\infty)$. And we also analyse the spectral structure of the operators if the spaces are complex.
A formally normal weighted shift on a directed tree is shown to be a bounded normal operator. The question of whether a normal extension of a subnormal weighted shift on a directed tree can be modeled as a weighted shift on some, possible different, directed tree is answered.
Criteria for subnormality of unbounded injective weighted shifts on leafless directed trees with one branching vertex are proposed. The case of classical weighted shifts is discussed. The relevance of an inductive limit approach to subnormality of weighted shifts on directed trees is revealed.
We study bounded weighted shifts on directed trees. We show that the set of multiplication operators associated with an injective weighted shift on a rooted directed tree coincides with the WOT/SOT closure of the set of polynomials of the weighted shift. From this fact we deduce reflexivity of those weighted shifts on rooted directed trees whose all path-induced spectral-like radii are positive. We show that weighted shifts with positive weights on rooted directed trees admit a Wold-type decomposition. We prove that the pairwise orthogonality of the factors in the decomposition is equivalent t…
We study the dynamical behaviour of weighted shifts defined on sequence spaces of a directed tree. In particular, we characterize their boundedness as well as when they are hypercyclic, weakly mixing and mixing.
We show that a weighted shift on a directed tree is related to a multiplier algebra of coefficients of analytic functions. We use this relation to study spectral properties of the operators in question.
It is proved that, up to isomorphism, there are only two directed trees that admit a hyponormal weighted shift with nonzero weights whose square has trivial domain. These are precisely those enumerable directed trees, one with root, the other without, whose every vertex has enumerable set of successors.
Inspired by natural classes of examples, we define generalized directed semi-tree and construct weighted shifts on the generalized directed semi-trees. Given an $n$-tuple of directed directed semi-trees with certain properties, we associate an $n$-tuple of multiplication operators on a Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}^2(β)$ of formal power series. Under certain conditions, $\mathscr{H}^2(β)$ turns out to be a reproducing kernel Hilbert space consisting of holomorphic functions on some domain in $\mathbb C^n$ and the $n$-tuple of multiplication operators on $\mathscr{H}^2(β)$ is unitarily equivalent …
A new method of verifying the subnormality of unbounded Hilbert space operators based on an approximation technique is proposed. Diverse sufficient conditions for subnormality of unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees are established. An approach to this issue via consistent systems of probability measures is invented. The role played by determinate Stieltjes moment sequences is elucidated. Lambert's characterization of subnormality of bounded operators is shown to be valid for unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees that have sufficiently many quasi-analytic vectors, which is a new p…
It is shown that for any positive integer n there exists a subnormal weighted shift on a directed tree whose nth power is closed and densely defined while its (n + 1)th power has trivial domain. Similar result for composition operators in L2-spaces is established.
A new method of verifying the subnormality of unbounded Hilbert space operators based on an approximation technique is proposed. Diverse sufficient conditions for subnormality of unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees are established. An approach to this issue via consistent systems of probability measures is invented. The role played by determinate Stieltjes moment sequences is elucidated. Lambert's characterization of subnormality of bounded operators is shown to be valid for unbounded weighted shifts on directed trees that have sufficiently many quasi-analytic vectors, which is a new p…
Aluthge transform of a bounded operator is generalized to the case of unbounded one. A formula for the Aluthge transform of a weighted shift on a directed tree is established and it is used to construct an example of a hyponormal operator whose Aluthge transform has trivial domain. It is proven that such an example can be also constructed in the class of composition operators. It is also shown that Aluthge transform of a closed, densely defined operator is not necessarily closable.
In this paper we investigate a new class of operators called weighted shifts on directed trees introduced recently in [Z. J. Jablonski, I. B. Jung and J. Stochel, A Non-hyponormal Operator Generating Stieltjes Moment Sequences, J. Funct. Anal. 262 (2012), no. 9, 3946--3980.]. This class is a natural generalization of the so called weighted bilateral, unilateral and backward shift operators. In the first part of the paper we calculate the asymptotic limit and the isometric asymptote of a contractive weighted shift on a directed tree and that of the adjoint. Then we use the asymptotic behaviour …
It is shown that for every positive integer $n$ there exists a subnormal weighted shift on a directed tree (with or without root) whose $n$th power is densely defined while its $(n+1)$th power is not. As a consequence, for every positive integer $n$ there exists a non-symmetric subnormal composition operator $C$ in an $L^2$ space over a $σ$-finite measure space such that $C^n$ is densely defined and $C^{n+1}$ is not.
The subnormal completion problem on a directed tree is to determine, given a collection of weights on a subtree, whether the weights may be completed to the weights of a subnormal weighted shift on the directed tree. We study this problem on a directed tree with a single branching point, $η$ branches and the trunk of length $1$ and its subtree which is the "truncation" of the full tree to vertices of generation not exceeding $2$. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions written in terms of two parameter sequences for the existence of a subnormal completion in which the resulting measures…
We investigate continuous linear operators, which commute with the generalized backward shift operator (a one-dimensional perturbation of the Pommiez operator) in a countable inductive limit $E$ of weighted Banach spaces of entire functions. This space E is isomorphic with the help of the Fourier-Laplace transform to the strong dual of the Fréchet space of all holomorphic functions on a convex domain Q in the complex plane, containing the origin. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained that an operator of the mentioned commutant is a topological isomorphism of E. The problem of the fa…
Let $\mathscr T$ be a rooted directed tree with finite branching index $k_{\mathscr T}$ and let $S_λ \in B(l^2(V))$ be a left-invertible weighted shift on ${\mathscr T}$. We show that $S_λ$ can be modelled as a multiplication operator $\mathscr M_z$ on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space $\mathscr H$ of $E$-valued holomorphic functions on a disc centered at the origin, where $E:=\ker S^*_λ$. The reproducing kernel associated with $\mathscr H$ is multi-diagonal and of bandwidth $k_{\mathscr T}.$ Moreover, $\mathscr H$ admits an orthonormal basis consisting of polynomials in $z$ with at most $k_{…
A rooted directed tree $\mathscr T=(V, E)$ with can be extended to a directed graph $\mathscr T_\infty=(V_\infty, E_\infty)$ by adding a vertex $\infty$ to $V$ and declaring each vertex in $V$ as a parent of $\infty.$ One may associate with the extended directed tree a family of semigroup structures $\sqcup_{b}$ with extreme ends being induced by the join operation $\sqcup$ and the meet operation $\sqcap$. Each semigroup structure among these leads to a family of densely defined linear operators $W^{b}_{λ_u}$ acting on $\ell^2(V),$ which we refer to as weighted join operators at a given base p…
A new class of (not necessarily bounded) operators related to (mainly infinite) directed trees is introduced and investigated. Operators in question are to be considered as a generalization of classical weighted shifts, on the one hand, and of weighted adjacency operators, on the other; they are called weighted shifts on directed trees. The basic properties of such operators, including closedness, adjoints, polar decomposition and moduli are studied. Circularity and the Fredholmness of weighted shifts on directed trees are discussed. The relationships between domains of a weighted shift on a d…
The question of whether a hypercyclic operator $T$ acting on a Fr{é}chet algebra $X$ admits or not an algebra of hypercyclic vectors (but 0) has been addressed in the recent literature. In this paper we give new criteria and characterizations in the context of convolution operators acting on $H(\mathbb C)$ and backward shifts acting on a general Fr{é}chet sequence algebra.Analogous questions arise for stronger properties like frequent hypercyclicity. In this trend we give a sufficient condition for a weighted backward shift to admit an upper frequently hypercyclic algebra and we find a weighte…
In \cite{SH}, A. L. Shields proved a well-known theorem for the similarity of unilateral weighted shift operators. By using the generalization of this theorem for multivariable weighted shifts and the curvature of holomorphic bundles, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the similarity of $m$-tuples in Cowen-Douglas class. We also present a necessary condition for commuting $m$-tuples of backward weighted shift operators to be $n$-hypercontractive in terms of the weight sequences.
Let $α:\sqrt{x_{m}},\cdots ,\sqrt{x_{1}},(\sqrt{u},\sqrt{v},\sqrt{w}% )^{\wedge}$ be a backward $m$-step extension of a recursive weight sequence and let $% W_{α}$ be the weighted shift associated with $α$. In this paper we characterize the semi-cubic hyponormality of $W_{α}$ having the positive determinant coefficient property and discuss some related examples.
It is proved that for any separable infinite dimensional Banach space $X$, there is a bounded linear operator $T$ on $X$ such that $T$ satisfies the Kitai Criterion. The proof is based on quasisimilarity argument and on showing that $I+T$ satisfies the Kitai Criterion for certain backward weighted shifts $T$.
